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VACATION LAND

The National Forests in Oregon >

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Forest Service :: 1919

United States Department of Agriculture

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DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUR

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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 4

Contribution from the Forest Service
HENRY S. GRAVES, Forester

DIRECTORY OF NATIONAL FORESTS IN OREGON.

George H. Cecil, District Forester.
District Office, Post Office Building, Portland, Oreg.

NATIONAL FOREST. FOREST SUPERVISOR. HEADQUARTERS.
Cascade. fis fea oe eee CYR. Seitz2 iso tere hear Eugene, Oreg.
CoS Aire ear era Se Dee RST ISIE rt 210) He Ba Rankin oe cima Medford, Oreg.
BDESCHULES: 2 2) S0. Se ee ee ING: G: Jacobsome< \a ore se eee Bend, Oreg.
NTEMIONG. coos colo es ee Gilbert D> Browas.-2 oe Lakeview, Oreg.
Math erin Ste '. 8 Scie. oe cian a eee Cy, J. Bingham ee John Day, Oreg.
VIL ATIO Oe 22s 5 he eo ere ee Ra MM. Bvansh (pee ee eee Baker, Oreg.
DChOCOs 4028 os eee ee ee Wit Ve elarphamipess: see Prineville, Oreg.
ren Lee Ae hep eee ee Sherrard: eee ee Portland, Oreg. |
SAlmelat | is se ue eee CC. Hales ye cee eee Albany, Oreg. |
SUS KA ONL ©. scceutet ns harttne ce PORE Ter | Necks Macditiz ee eee Grants Pass, Oreg.
UTS AW Sosa es, yar ict a ce Ree R28: shelley ve oe oe Eugene, Oreg.
imatillas: Seok. ohne a eee W.. Wo Cry ders cuseonne eee Pendleton, Oreg.
UME E Ma. Siete cee S.C? Bartuuimer. ee oe Roseburg, Oreg.
RN allo watts ses ae ee Hi. Witblarriss See eee Wallowa, Oreg.
Si 6 aed Uae Pet yn, 9 Pere ee J. CRs oe ers ote Walla Walla, Wash.
inter el oe e see oak. te! sola nae Uys R. Mobvansiaeee ee eli Se Baker, Oreg.

The view on page 1 of the cover is a reprodtction from
a photograph of Mount Jefferson, Santiam National
Forest, showing forest and snow peak.

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VACATION LAND #isi23nieek

AN IDEAL. VACATION LAND

HEN, tired of the daily grind, you say to yourself, “I need
a vacation,” your first thought is to get away from civili-
zation and its trammels. Your next is to find interest-
ing and health-giving recreation. In the National For-

ests in Oregon you may find both, and much besides.
Within their area of 13,000,000 acres are many regions
of unsurpassed scenic beauty. They include all the im-
portant mountainous parts of the State and offer to those
who seek rest and recreation every opportunity for enjoy-

| Ee oe ment. Camp sites amid surroundings of rare beauty,
with water and eee near at hand, can be found in abundance. The mountain
streams offer excellent fishing, and game of various sorts is plentiful on most of the
Forests. !

You will encounter no “Keep Out” signs on the Forests. They are not
fenced against the public, but invite your presence and use. The only signs you
will find are those which point you on your way or ask your cooperation in pre-
serving the beauty and value of these free recreation grounds and their resources.

Firearms are not barred, and hunting and fishing are restricted only by the

requirements of the State game laws.

You are welcome to all the necessary firewood, and to forage for saddle and
pack animals; and, so far as is possible, the grazing of commercial stock is regu-
lated in such a way as to save an accessible supply of forage for the camper’s use.
You may camp where you like and stay as long as you please. The Forest Service
asks only that you look to the proper sanitation of the camp and that you be

careful with fire.
Three

Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon Four

Whether you wish to stay only a short time in the Forest, or to make your
permanent summer home there, you will find that the Forest Service has made
every provision in its power for your convenience. Roads and trails make hunting,
fishing, and camping grounds easily accessible. Guideposts are being set up as
rapidly as possible.

The Forest Service cooperates with the Federal Bureau of Fisheries and the
Oregon Fish and Game Commission in stocking National Forest streams and lakes
with fish, and waters which a few years ago were practically barren now offer
excellent sport.

Camping grounds, equipped with stone fireplaces and other conveniences, are
laid off in many of the main-traveled portions of the Forests for the use of visitors.
The extensive telephone system maintained on the Forests in connection with
their protection from fire is at the service of visitors in case of emergency. Regis-
ters are kept at local headquarters in which the visitor may write his name and
probable route of travel, thus making it possible for a Forest officer to find him
in the event of the receipt cf important messages.

Maps and detailed information on any particular National Forest may be
had on application to the district forester at Portland or to the supervisor of
any Forest. The forest rangers are always ready to direct travelers and to give
any other assistance that they can.

If you wish to build a permanent summer home, you may lease a site for
a term of years at a reasonable annual rental. It may be a cabin, cottage, or
something more pretentious, as you wish. <A permit to occupy such a site may
cost as little as $5 a year, and seldom costs more than $25. ‘The only restrictions
are that the building must not be unsightly, and that the grounds must be kept
in a neat and sanitary condition.

The recreational advantages of the National Forests in Oregon are being
more and more used as new roads and trails constructed by the Forest Service
make them more accessible, and as the public comes to know the opportunities
they afford for health, rest, and sport. During 1917 about 275,000 people visited
them. The presence of visitors naturally increases the danger of fire in the
Forests—a constant menace even under the most favorable conditions. Destruc-

tion cf the Oregon forests by fire or any other agency would mean an irreparable

Five Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon

loss to the entire State. Those who wish to go into the National Forests are
urgently requested to read the suggestions on page fifty-four in regard to simple

ways of preventing forest fires.

CONDITIONS IN THE OREGON NATIONAL FORESTS

HE National Forests in Oregon include the State’s higher mountain areas.

The backbone cf the Cascade Range, from Mount Hood south to Cali-

fornia, and its higher timbered slopes are comprised in six National

Forests of about 1,000,000 acres each. In the Coast Range are two other

Forests, with a combined area of about 1,500,000 acres, while in the Wallowa

and Blue Mountains are eight more, totaling some 5,500,000 acres. All told,

Oregon has more than 13,000,000 acres of National Forest land set aside to meet

future demands for timber, to protect water resources, and to furnish a place for
recreation.

It is Oregon’s distinction that within her borders is more standing timber than
in any other State. It amounts to nearly one-fifth of the country’s total supply,
and about one-third of it is in the National Forests.

On the west slope of the Cascades the climate is mild and the rainfall excep-
tionally heavy. Here, especially at the lower elevations, are some of the finest
stands of timber in the world, made up of such species as Douglas fir, western hem-
lock, and western cedar. These trees are also characteristic of the two National
Forests in the Coast Range, where the vegetation is of almost tropical luxuriance.
At the higher elevations the Cascades are in many places exceedingly rough and
rugged with a rather sparse growth of inferior timber.

On the east slope of the Cascades and in the Wallowa and Blue Mountains the
climate is much drier and the summers shorter. In consequence, the timber is more

open, and western yellow pine replaces Douglas fir as the chief commercial tree.

INDIVIDUAL NATIONAL FORESTS

HE following are brief descriptions of each of the National Forests in Oregon.
For their location see map facing page seventy-two. For more specific in-

formation or for larger and more detailed maps, address the forest super-

visor at the address given on page two.

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Scocn Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon

CAsCnDE NATIONAL TORRES

HE Cascade National Forest has an area of 1,016,290 acres, lying wholly within

Lane County. It is bounded on the east by the summit of the Cascade

Mountains, and extends north and south along their west slope for a dis-

tance of 70 miles. On the south it is bounded by the Calapooya Mountains,

which connect the Cascade Range and separate the Umpqua and Willamette

watersheds. The area includes the upper drainage basins of the Willamette and
McKenzie Rivers.

The numerous lakes and streams within the Forest are paradises for the angler
and are restocked every season. Many lakes and streams which but a few years ago
were practically depleted are now teeming with millions of fish. For those in search
of game, there are black-tailed deer and brown bear inabundance. More wary and
difficult to find, but present none the less, are wildcats, wolves, and mountain
lions.

The Cascade Range on the east rises in abrupt elevations to form some of the
most noted and beautiful landmarks in the country. Among these are Cow Horn
Mountain, 7,666 feet; Diamond Peak, 8,792 feet; Maiden Peak, 7,750 feet: andin the
north end of the Forest, the famous Three Sisters. These three well-known peaks
rise majestically to a height of more than 10,000 feet, and are resplendent the year
round in jeweled settings of perpetual snow. The snow which falls in the higher
regions each winter gradually melts during the summer and feeds the many scenic

waterfalls and cascades from which the Forest derives its name. Most noted among
these are, perhaps, Salt Creek Falls, with its perpendicular drop of over 275 feet,and
McKenzie Falls, both of which are visited annually by many tourists.

The south end of the Forest is tapped by a branch line of the Southern Pacific
Railroad, which runs from Eugene to Oakridge, its present terminus. In the summer
months Oakridge is also accessible from Eugene by automobile. From Oakridge
the old Oregon Central Military Road follows the Middle Fork of the Willamette
and crosses over the summit into eastern Oregon at Summit Lake at an elevation of
5,600 feet.

Oakridge is the outfitting point for tourists who visit this end of the Forest.

Hotel and livery accommodations may be obtained there. All points of interest in
this region are less than two days by trail from Oakridge. Waldo Lake, Odell Lake,
and the Huckleberry Patch are all favorite camping places. Horse feed is abundant

Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon Eight

at Odell Lake, but campers at Waldo Lake should either carry horse feed or arrange
to take their stock to the Huckleberry Patch in Taylor Burn, 4 miles north of Waldo
Lake. At this place the Forest Service has set aside an area for the use of campers.
Many parties from both sides of the Cascades pick huckleberries here during Septem-
ber of each year. Kitson Springs, located 4 miles up Kitson Creek from the Military
Road and 12 miles from Oakridge, is accessible by automobile. A summer hotel is
conducted here. By turning off the Military Road at Salt Creek, one may reach
Winona or Salt Creek Hot Springs about 8 miles from Oakridge. These springs also
are accessible by automobile. Here in the beautiful Salt Creek country there are
camping facilities and a summer hotel, the last hotel accommodations to be found
in the Forest on the trail to Salt Creek Falls.

The north end of the Forest is reached by the McKenzie Road. This route is
accessible to McKenzie Bridge a larger part of the year by automobile, but during
the winter months the McKenzie Pass into eastern Oregon is blocked by snow.
The entire route is a good automobile road at present, and passes through a section
rich in natural beauty and scenic wonders.

McKenzie Bridge, located on the McKenzie River 56 miles from Eugene, isa
Mecca for tourists and the outfitting point for campers and hunters in the north
end of the Forest. It has a tourist hotel, post office, store, garage, and two livery
companies, and is the headquarters of professional guides. On the transmountain
automobile road, 1 mile from McKenzie Bridge post office, or 57 miles from Medford,
the Forest Service has set aside a very attractive summer home site tract including
28 building lots, of which the annual rental charge is from $10 to $15 per lot. Foley
Springs and Belknap Springs, located a short distance from McKenzie Bridge, are
both popular summer resorts. The water at both places contains mineral and is
said to be medicinal.

Good fishing is to be had in Horse Lakes and the many McKenzie tributaries.
Buoy Lake, near the trail from the South Fork of the McKenzie to Indian Ridge,
was discovered by forest officers in the summer of 1915 and is fairly alive with
fish. Good hunting and abundant horse feed are found in the north end of the
Forest, and a day’s journey by trail from McKenzie Bridge will reach most points

of interest.

The Forest is covered with a dense stand of Douglas fir, estimated to contain
20,000,000,000 board feet of merchantable timber. The task, of protecting this

_ Nine Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon

immensely valuable body of timber from fire during the dry season is a large one;
and tourists, campers, and other users of the Forest can render great assistance in
this undertaking by exercising care in the handling of fire. In the Forest are over
500 miles of Government-built telephone lines, which make it a comparatively
easy matter for campers and tourists to notify forest officers in case of fire.

The supervisor has headquarters at Eugene; and district rangers are located at
McKenzie Bridge, Oakridge, Flat Creek ranger station, and West Boundary ranger

station.

CRUE ReNATIONALD PORES i

HE Crater National Forest is in two principal separate tracts, aggregating
798,588 acres. The larger includes the southern slope of the Umpqua
Range and the southern end of the Cascade Range; the other is in the

Siskiyou Mountains. Most of the Forest is in Jackson and Klamath Counties,
Oreg., but there are small portions in Douglas and Josephine Counties, and the
Siskiyou portion extends into Siskiyou County, Calif. The Cascade portion is a
broad timbered plateau region, broken by many buttes, peaks, and canyons; the
Siskiyou part is still more broken, with steep, narrow ridges, abrupt peaks, and
deep canyons. Mount McLoughlin, a symmetrical pyramidal peak over 9,000 feet
in elevation, has snow on its northern face the year round. Aspen Butte and
Mount Thielsen are over 8,000 feet high, and several others, including Mount Ash-

land and Wagner Butte, are between 7,000 and 8,oco feet in elevation.
The east slope of the Cascade portion is drained by several relatively short

and turbulent streams to Klamath Lake and Klamath River; most of the west
slope is drained by Rogue River and its tributaries; and the Siskiyou portion com-
prises the upper watershed of Ashland Creek and Applegate River. Most of the
streams flow through narrow canyons. Many on the Cascade Plateau, however,
flow through shallow gullies. There are benches, valleys, and broad ridges that
can be traveled long distances without any steep grades.

The traveler through the Crater Forest will meet five broad forest types:
Yellow pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas fir, white fir, and subalpine. Below 5,000

feet on the east side the yellow pine predominates. Douglas fir, white fir, and other

species blend with the yellow pine. The lodgepole pine forest lies at high elevations
and is an almost impenetrable thicket of poles. Fortunately for the camper and

hunter these thickets are not very extensive. In the subalpine forest of fir and
113052°—19——2 ;

Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon Ten

hemlock there is often no underbrush except blueberry bushes and similar low
shrubs. Travel through this type and the open yellow-pine forest is comparatively
easy, even off the trails. However, there are areas, sometimes of large extent, on
which fire has destroyed or thinned the forest and which now support a dense stand
of brush, through which travel is very difficult.

Feed for saddle and pack horses is fairly abundant, but scattered. There is a
limited amount of wild pea, lupine, and similar forage. Most of the grass is located
in natural meadows and glades and small openings in the timber. In the heavy
fir forests, at medium elevations, there is no forage early in the season.

There is more or less fishing in nearly all the streams. Some of the lakes are
locally famous for fishing. Others have recently been stocked, and some are as
yet devoid of fish. Deer hunting is fairly good. In the high mountains the natural
scenery of peaks, lakes, rivers, and forest is beautiful and sometimes impressively
grand. |

The entire foothill region and part of the higher mountain regions may be
reached in a few hours by automobile from Medford, Ashland, or Klamath Falls.
A number of wagon roads penetrate every important valley, and these are supple-
mented by a network of secondary roads and trails, so that every region is accessible
at least by pack train, and many by wagon or even automobile.

Of the many attractive trips that may be made by touring car, one of the
best is to Crater Lake in the Crater Lake National Park. Crater Lake is the deep-
est body of fresh water in America, and, because of its deep blue color and the
grandeur of the encircling cliffs, is one of the most beautiful spots on the continent.
While not within National Forest boundaries, it is surrounded by the Forests on
three sides and is best reached by a picturesque mountain road which runs for
much of its length through the Crater National Forest. On this road is the Natu-
ral Bridge of Rogue River. If the starting point is Medford, one can travel via
Trail or Eagle Point up the Rogue River, through a region of diversified scenery.
The total distance is 80 miles. There are hotels at Eagle Point, 12 miles from Med-
ford; at Trail, 30 miles; and at Prospect, 50 miles. Prospect is the usual halfway
point where automobile tourists stop for dinner. Supplies, gasoline, and grain
may be purchased also at Union Creek. Here the Forest Service has set apart the
Union Creek summer home site tract of five building lots. The trip can be broken,
if desired, by camping at a number of convenient camping places in the National

Eleoen Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon

Crater Lake in the Crater National Park and Crater National Forest.

Forest, such as Natural Bridge, Union Creek, Silver Creek, and Whiskey Creek.
Horse feed is not abundant at these camp sites, and at some is lacking entirely. It
is wise, therefore, to take plenty of grain if the trip is made with horses. One
enters the Crater National Forest about 5 miles above Prospect, through a rustic
portal, and travels through a dense forest of tall Douglas fir, yellow pine, and sugar
pine. Signboards have been placed along the road by the Forest Service, calling
attention to a number of natural features of interest. Among these are the Natu-
ral Bridge of lava rock, under which Rogue River plunges, and the Rogue River
Gorge just above Union Creek, where the river roars through a box canyon with
perpendicular rock sides.

From Crater Lake one may go out on the east side of the Cascades, via Fort
Klamath, north to Bend and The Dalles, or south to Klamath Falls and California.
The road through the National Park and the Crater National Forest follows the
course of Anna Creek, which flows through a narrow canyon with precipitous
slopes. The road at points approaches so close to the edge of the canyon that one

Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon Twelve

can, without dismounting from carriage or car, look down to the river below and
get glimpses of the fantastic pinnacles standing straight and tall on the precipitous
slopes of the gorge.

Traveling southward from Fort Klamath to Klamath Falls one has a choice of
several routes. A road passes on the east side of the Klamath Lake through the
Klamath Indian Reservation, another road passes again through the Crater Na-
tional Forest, a distance of approximately 30 miles, or one can take the mail launch
at any one of a number of points.

The route on the west side of the lake through the Crater National Forest is very
attractive and there are a number of features of especial interest to the tourist or
camper. ‘The road has been improved by the county for automobile travel and
passes close to the lake and the great marsh in a number of places. .

Camping sites where grass is plentiful are abundant. The road passes within a
few hundred feet of Recreation Creek along its entire course. This well-named
creek flows into the north end of Pelican Bay. At this point the Forest Service
has set aside two summer home site areas, Pelican Bay with 10 lots and Recreation
Creek with 39 lots. All lots have roo feet frontage. Several of these lots are
already occupied. Five miles south of Pelican Bay is the Odessa home-site tract
of lots. Plenty of camping sites have been reserved at Pelican Bay for the use of
transients.

At Rocky Point, at the mouth of Recreation Creek, there is a post office called
Recreation, with daily mail service, except in the winter. Here one may take the
mail launch to Klamath Falls. There is a hotel at Harriman Lodge, about 2 miles
south of Pelican Bay. ‘There is another comfortable hotel at Eagle Ridge, reached
by mail launch. These resorts and hotels cater especially to tourists, to sportsmen,
and to those seeking rest and recreation. Duck shooting is excellent on the lake
and in the marsh in season. Rainbow trout and lake trout weighing 10 pounds
and over are often caught. Mosquitoes are troublesome early in the season, but
usually disappear early in August.

Another trip of a different character is from Jacksonville up the Applegate River.
Though there are sharp turns and sudden, short, steep grades, cars of light weight |
can travel as far as Copper post office. This road is in good condition during most —

of the year. The road runs through a narrow valley which supports a farming

community.

Thirteen Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon

Several side trips of interest may be taken. A road passable to wagons leads
from Copper to the Blue Ledge copper mine near the summit of the Siskiyou Moun-
tains. This mine is not being operated at the present time. Another road takes
one to the Sterling gold mine. Here hydraulic mining is being conducted on an
extensive scale.

When traveling by wagon or pack train, less frequented places can be easily
reached. A favorite short trip is from Ashland up Mount Ashland, 7,662 feet in
altitude, from which a magnificent view of Rogue River Valley, Shasta Valley, the
Cascade Range, and the Siskiyou Mountains is obtainable. The distance is about
12 miles and can be made on horseback.

For those who desire a more strenuous mountain climb Mount McLoughlin and
Mount Thielsen offer excitement. Both of these mountains are very steep and
rocky. Mount Thielsen can be reached from a camp on Diamond Lake. Mount
McLoughlin may be climbed from either one of two approaches, from Fish Lake or
Fourmile Lake. The Forest Service has built a lookout house on Mount Mc-
Loughlin for fire-protection purposes. This is used during the summer months and
is connected by telephone with ranger headquarters.

From Butte Falls several roads radiate into the Forest, making accessible points
of interest to the camper or sportsman. Fishing is good in the South Fork of
Rogue River, which is reached by an 18-mile trip by wagon road. It is about the
same distance by road to the headwaters of Rancheria Creek, where deer are fairly
plentiful and where there are a number of good trout streams.

The southern part of the Forest, in the Dead Indian, Soda Creek, and Little
Butte Creek watersheds, has a network of roads and trails. There are a number
of settlers in this country. Horse feed is plentiful along the streams in open tim-
ber and on bunch-grass hillsides. Deer hunting is fair but not so good as in less-
frequented localities. Fishing is good in most of the streams. Many people camp
at Soda Springs for the fishing and hunting and the mineral water.

The city of Medford obtains its water from Little Butte Creek, which rises in

_’ Fish Lake. For the protection of the purity of the drinking water, camping is not

permitted near these waters.

Dead Indian Soda Springs is reached from Medford over the Brownsboro

Road to Lake Creek post office, thence by the way of the new Forest Service
automobile road up the South Fork of Little Butte Creek, a total distance of
about 30 miles.

Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon Rete

Close to the Dead Indian Soda Springs there is a summer home site area of
13 lots, which will be rented at $7.50 each per annum.

The Dead Indian country is best reached from Ashland by the Dead Indian
Road. ‘The Lake of the Woods is a very beautiful little lake and is a popular
camping ground, especially when the crop of mountain huckleberries is good. At
such times a hundred or more people are sometimes camped on the lake, all busy
picking huckleberries. There is good horse feed at both ends of the lake and
excellent spring water at the public camp grounds. A community of summer
homes is growing up under permit of the Forest Service and this bids fair to be-
come one of the most popular outing places in southern Oregon.

There are 39 lots surveyed along the lake shore which, with one exception,
have 100 feet frontage and 200 feet depth and rent for $5 per annum.

Another even more famous huckleberry ground is on Huckleberry Mountain.
This is a large flat-topped mountain on which huckleberries are especially plentiful.
The camp grounds are reached by trail from the east, via Sevenmile Creek, or from
the west via a trail branching off the Rogue River Road. In seasons of plentiful
crops of huckleberries the camp grounds may have a shifting population of between
1,000 and 2,000 campers. For this reason the camp ground is called “‘ Huckleberry
City.”” There is good water here, and pasturage for grazing is reserved for the free
use of campers.

One of the most picturesque regions on the Crater Forest is Blue Canyon,
north of Mount McLoughlin. This is a box-walled valley with level floor on the
summit of the Cascade Range Plateau. It contains a number of small lakes in
tall subalpine timber, through which travel is comparatively easy. Fishing and
deer hunting are good in Blue Canyon, especially because it is so remote that it is
not visited often by sportsmen. It is accessible by trail either from the east or west.

The more remote regions, where fewer people have been, naturally have more
game and fish; and those who want game or mountain scenery, or the life of the
forest far from the conventionalities of civilization, will take a pack train and
strike for the higher divides. ‘Trips along the high summits of the main divides
may be made with very little discomfort. There are good trails along most of the
summits, the woods are open and easy to get around in, and there is ample forage
for horses. One can travel by trail from Lake of the Woods to Fourmile Lake,

thence to Long Lake and to Big Meadows, thence along the backbone of the Cas-

Fifteen Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon

cade Range to the headwaters of Rock Creek or Cherry Creek, and down one of

these creeks to the road which skirts Pelican Marsh.

There is a trail along the summit practically the entire distance on the Rogue
River-Umpqua River divide, from which beautiful vistas and views of distant
landscapes are obtained. Here there are numbers of good camp sites and fairly
good deer hunting.

Another divide trail extends along the summit of the Siskiyou Mountains on
the divide between Applegate and Klamath Rivers. Trips of several days or
several weeks may be made in these high altitudes, according to the fancy of the
camper.

Automobiles may be hired at Medford, Ashland, and Klamath Falls for trips
of any length. Special rates are made for long trips or large parties. Teams and
wagons and saddle horses can also be hired in these and other towns, but pack
outfits are sometimes hard to rent. Ranchers and stockmen are the likeliest
people from whom they may be procured, but such outfits are generally in use in
August and September and there are not many who own more than they use them-
selves. There are stage routes—automobile or wagon—which take passengers to
points within or near the Crater. National Forest. A list of these follows, though
they may change schedules or even be discontinued without notice:

Medford and Crater Lake via Prospect: Automobile stage; three times a week, except Sunday,
returning the next day, summer and fall.

Eagle Point, Trail, and Persist: Automobile stage; leaves Eagle Point for Trail and Persist Mon-
day, Wednesday, and Friday, returning Tuesday, Thursday, and Sunday, connecting with
Pacific & Eastern train to Medford. In the winter a horse and wagon are used instead of an
automobile.

Jacksonville, Sterling, Buncom, and Watkins: Automobile stage; leaves Jacksonville Tuesday
and Friday, returning Wednesday and Saturday, connecting with trolley to Medford. In
the winter a horse and wagon are used instead of an automobile.

Derby and Prospect: Horse stage; once daily, except Sunday, each way. Connects with train
for Medford.

Eagle Point and Lake Creek: One stage daily, except Sunday, each way. Connects with Pacific
& Eastern train for Medford.

Jacksonville, Ruch, and Applegate: Automobile stage makes round trip daily, except Sunday,
between Jacksonville and Applegate post office via Ruch. Connects by trolley with Medford.

The above lines carry mail as well as passengers.

Medford and Ashland: Automobile; several round trips daily; also Southern Pacific train service.
Medford and Central Point: Automobile; several round trips daily; also Southern Pacific train
service.

Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon Baden

Medford and Eagle Point: Automobile; one round trip daily, except Sunday. Also Pacific &
Eastern Railway train service.
Ashland and Klamath Falls: Automobile stage three times a week, returning the next day (in
summer and fall). Also Southern Pacific train service.
There is daily passenger, freight, and mail service by gasoline launch between
Klamath Falls and points on Klamath Lake.
The supervisor has headquarters in Medford, and district rangers are located
at Butte Falls, Oreg., and at Mill Creek, Big Elk, Star, Odessa, Sevenmile, and

Trail ranger stations.

DESCHUTES NATIONAL FORKS

HE Deschutes National Forest comprises 1,282,293 acres, located on the
eastern slopes of the Cascade Range in central Oregon. It includes the
high mountainous country and the high timbered plateau surrounding the

headwaters of the Deschutes River and in a separate block, the Paulina Mountains.

The Forest is visited by increasing numbers each year for hunting, camping,
and fishing. Along the Cascade Range are several high and attractive snow-
capped peaks, a large number of mountain lakes, splendid fishing and camping
grounds, excellent duck hunting, and many other features of interest. A widely
extended system of roads renders many of these places easily accessible by auto-
mobile from points in the Deschutes Valley and from the Willamette Valley via
the McKenzie Road, which connects Eugene, on the main line of the Southern
Pacific Railroad, with Sisters and Bend, towns just outside the Forest east of the
Cascade Range. ‘Trails lead from these roads into some of the more inaccessible
districts. Signboards along the roads and trails indicate the distance and direc-
tion to various points.

Hotel accommodations are obtainable at all towns near the Forest. Accom-
modations for travelers are also to be had at a number of other places, including
the Metolius River Valley, East Lake, Crescent Lake, and Odell Lake. Horse feed
is plentiful at most of the lakes and at many places along the streams.

Among the points of especial interest are the following:

Metolius River country, a region created it would seem for the special benefit
of the lovers of outdoors, may be reached by excellent automobile road 14 miles
from Sisters. Along the river may be found good horse feed, camping grounds,
and excellent trout fishing. The Forest Service has set aside the Camp Sherman

Seventeen Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon

A field of wild flowers in one of Oregon’s National Forests.

group of summer home sites among the pines along the Metolius. As a beginning
15 lots have been surveyed and posted. Those not already occupied may be
leased at from $8 to $12 per annum. ‘These sites are 15 miles from Sisters and 40
miles from Bend by excellent automobile road.

The Metolius River has its visible source about 2 miles above the home-site
area, and springs full fledged from the earth, coming forth from what underground
caverns no one knows. ‘The river is a veritable fisherman’s paradise.

A huckleberry patch near Cabot Lodge, 7 miles from the river, may be reached
by trail which continues to the foot of Mount Jefferson, an unusually symmetrical,
snowcapped peak 10,522 feet high located at the extreme northwest corner of the
Forest.

Suttle Lake, 4 miles from the Metolius Valley or from Sisters, can be reached
by automobile, and offers fishing grounds and an excellent bathing beach.

Blue Lake, a water-filled volcanic crater of more than usual interest, can be

reached by trail in an hour’s hike from Suttle Lake.
113052°—19——_3

Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon Eighteen

A fair trail leads 4 miles from Metolius Valley to the summit of Black Butte,
a Forest Service lookout station, from which one of the best views in the entire
region may be obtained.

The McKenzie Road, which crosses the Cascades at an elevation of 5,200 feet,
connects Eugene and Sisters and is a fair automobile road. The rough, barren
lava fields at the summit, about 2 miles wide, are of unusual interest.

Sparks Lake and the surrounding country constitute one of the most interesting
high mountain regions in the Forest. The lake may be reached over an automobile
road which extends west from Bend 18 miles to the Tumalo Ranger Station, from
which a wagon road, occasionally open to automobile travel, leads 5 miles to the
summit of the Broken Top ridge; thence there is a trail 4 miles to Sparks Lake and
good fishing and horse feed. The Three Sisters lie to the north, Broken Top to the
northeast, and Bachelor Butte to the southeast. All of these mountains are high,
snowcapped peaks, the Three Sisters having glaciers on some of their slopes. Many
interesting pack trips can be taken from Sparks Lake. Natural soda springs are
located about 2 miles east.

Fall River, the main Deschutes River, and the mountain lakes and streams
around its head may be reached by automobile as far as Crane Prairie, a well-
known duck-hunting and fishing ground 45 miles from Bend and only 7 miles from
the summit. A wagon road, passable for automobiles in midsummer, extends
north from Crane Prairie to Lava Lakes and Elk Lake. Good fishing can be had
at most places along these streams and at most of the mountain lakes in the region.
Horse feed can be secured at Crane Prairie, at the head of Fall River, near the mouth
of Davis Creek, at Lava Lake, and other points.

Davis Lake, Odell Lake, and Crescent Lake, three beautiful lakes lying near the
Cascade summit and all excellent fishing and camping localities, can be reached by
good automobile roads, via Crescent. Horse feed can be secured at Davis Lake and
at the west end of Crescent Lake. Maiden Peak, a Forest Service lookout station,
situated on the Cascade summit, can be reached by trail 6 miles from Davis Lake.

Paulina and East Lakes are located 12 miles east of the Deschutes River in
the very summit of the Paulina Mountains, an isolated range east of the Cascades.
They-can be reached by wagon road, which is usually passable for automobiles as
far as Paulina Lake. There are mineral springs at both lakes. An attractive area
for summer-home sites has been laid out along the shores of East Lake, and the 22

Nineteen Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon

lots which have been surveyed on the area may be leased at from $10 to $12.50 per
annum. Good fishing may be found at both places. ‘This region is of unusual
geological interest, the lakes being located in an immense crater, surrounding which
is a rim rising in some places nearly 2,000 feet above the lake level. Its highest
peak is Paulina Peak, another Forest Service lookout station, 2 miles by trail from
Paulina Lake. ‘This peak is about 8,475 feet in elevation.

The Paulina Mountain region is in a detached portion of the Deschutes National
Forest and is practically all within the Deschutes Game Reservation created by the
State of Oregon. Game birds and animals are protected, but the angler is welcome.
Bear hunting is good and the bears are not protected.

Several ice caves exist on or near the Forest. Among these are the Arnold
Ice Cave, 16 miles southeast of Bend, the South Ice Cave, 18 miles north of Fort
Rock, and the Edison Ice Cave, 814 miles northwest of the Big River ranger station,
all accessible by automobile.

In the region are many extinct volcanic craters, one of the most easily accessible
and most interesting of which is Lava Butte. ‘This is just outside the Forest, about
10 miles south of Bend and one-quarter mile from the road. At its summit is a
crater having an unbroken rim.

The supervisor has headquarters at Bend, and district rangers are located at
Sisters, Lapine, and Fort Rock, and at Pine Mountain ranger station.

FREMONT NATIONAL FOREST

HE Fremont National Forest (856,369 acres) is located in the counties of

Lake and Klamath in south-central Oregon, and furnishes protection to the

headwaters of Williamson, Sprague, and Sycan Rivers. The Sycan flows

into the Sprague and the Sprague into the Williamson, which in turn flows into the
upper Klamath Lake.

The Fremont Forest and vicinity furnish a variety of game and fish. Mule
deer are plentiful, but hard to capture. Antelope still occur in the “desert”
east of the Forest, but seldom venture into the timber. Various kinds of ducks
and geese are found in abundance on the lakes and streams. . This section of Oregon
is a veritable duck hunter’s paradise. Grouse are plentiful in the timber. Sage
hens are found by thousands on the sagebrush plains to the east. They are also

found within the Forest but in much smallernumbers. ‘The small streams throughout

Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon Twenty

the Forest are well stocked with various kinds of small trout, and the larger streams
and lakes furnish the larger varieties of trout and so-called landlocked salmon.

The Fremont National Forest and Lakeview may be reached from the north
by rail to Bend, Oreg., and thence by automobile stage to Silver Lake, Paisley, and
Lakeview; from the south by rail direct to Lakeview over the Nevada-California-
Oregon Railway from Reno, Nev., or Doyle, Calif.; and from the west by automo-
bile stage via Bly, Oreg., from Klamath Falls.

Garage service may be obtained at Silver Lake, Paisley, and Lakeview. The
cost of gasoline and lubricating oil is greater than in thickly populated districts,
owing to the greater distance from the railroad. The roads of Lake County are
very good during the summer and fall for automobile travel. The interior of the
Forest is reached by team or saddle horse. Horses and rigs may be secured at any
of the above-named places at reasonable rates.

Many desirable camping places are accessible by automobile. Some which
may be reached from Silver Lake are Williamson River, Klamath Marsh, Silver
Creek, and Buck Creek. The road from Fort Klamath via Sand Creek, Klamath
Marsh, and Antelope Flat to Silver Lake is now open to automobile travel.

Traveling south from Silver Lake, one passes the famous Ana River, Summer
Lake, and the Chewaucan River and Marsh, all of which furnish most excellent
duck shooting in season.

From Lakeview one may go to Dog Lake, a beautiful summer camping place
in the midst of fine hunting and fishing territory. Sprague River, Deep Creek
and Drew Creek are among the best fishing streams of Lake County, and duck
shooting may be found in abundance on Goose Lake, the Warner Lakes, and Lake
Abert, all of which may be reached from Lakeview.

The supervisor has headquarters at Lakeview, and district rangers are located

at Bly and Paisley, and at Dog Lake and Billings (near Silver Lake) ranger stations.

MALHEUR NATIONAL FOREST

HE Malheur National Forest, located in the Blue Mountains of eastern Oregon,
has a total area of 1,057,682 acres. It is located in Grant, Harney, Baker,
and Malheur Counties. It extends approximately 70 miles each way,

north and south from the Umatilla County line to the northern edge of Harney

Valley and east and west from the Malheur County line to within 12 or 15 miles of

Tiventy- Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon

the Crook County line. For the most part the timber is open and free from under-
brush.

There are few parts of the Forest that can not be reached by team or wagon.
The streams and lakes afford splendid fishing. ‘The mountains contain deer and
several species of game birds. Bear, cougar, foxes, marten, beaver, and other
fur-bearing animals are found.

The most desirable places for camping and recreation are the following:

Magoon Lake is located about 12 miles north of the town of John Day, and is
accessible by a rough wagon road from John Day, which is passable by automobile
to within 7 miles of the lake. The lake is about a mile long, half a mile wide, and
up to 300 feet deep. It lies in the bottom of what was at one time a very deep can-
yon, formed by a landslide, and is one of the natural wonders of Oregon. The
Forest Service, in cooperation with the State Fish and Game Commission, has planted
several varieties of game trout in this lake, and in late years it has become a Mecca
for sportsmen from all over eastern Oregon. ‘The hills about the lake are heavily
timbered.

Strawberry Lake is a beautiful body of water located at the foot of Strawberry
Mountain, which is one of the highest peaks in the Blue Mountains. The lake is
accessible by team from Prairie City, 14 miles to the northeast. It covers about
45 acres and ranges in depth up to 15 feet. Several varieties of trout have been
planted init. Strawberry Mountain, the summit of which is about 9,000 feet above

sea level, is reached by trail from Strawberry Lake. ‘The Forest Service maintains

a lookout and telephone station here during the summer months. On a clear day
it is possible, with the aid of glasses, to see as far east as the Seven Devils in Idaho
and as far west as the Cascade Range.

Logan Valley is just to the south of Strawberry Mountain. A good road leads
into the valley from Prairie City by way of the Blue Mountain Hot Springs, a
summer resort, thence over the summit of the Blue Mountains, across Summit
Prairie, down Summit Creek and into the valley. It is an open mountain valley
about 6 by 8 miles in size, entirely surrounded by heavily timbered hills and
drained by four mountain streams, all of which converge at the lower end, form-
ing the Main Fork of the Malheur River. ‘These streams abound in trout and
salmon. At the northern end of the valley, just in the edge of the timber, is the
Lake Creek ranger station, where a district ranger is located during the summer
months.

Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon

‘Tree-bordered mountain streams tempt the angler.

Twenty- Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon

Bear Creek, a stream which has its source well up in the Blue Mountains and
flows through Bear Valley into the Silvies River, is perhaps one of the best trout
streams. Along its upper portions are many camp sites. It is accessible from John
Day by way of Canyon Creek and Bear Valley or from Prairie City by way of the
Blue Mountain Hot Springs aad Logan Valley.

Murderers Creek is a good trout stream flowing through the Murderers Creek
Canyon in a heavily timbered country and draining into the South Fork of the
John Day River. Camping places are to be found along its entire length. It is
accessible during the summer by automobile through Bear Valley. Along the
lower breaks of this creek are some of the best winter deer ranges in Oregon. Hun-
dreds of deer drift into them late in the fall and remain until spring.

John Day River is located partially inside the Forest. From Blue Mountain
Hot Springs up to the summit of the Blue Mountains may be found many splendid
camp sites. The several forks of the John Day River, including the north, middle,
and south, furnish magnificent natural scenery. Fishing in all branches of the
river is good.

Canyon Creek is the deepest gorge through the Blue Mountains and is perhaps
the most popular mountain camping area. Canyon City, the county seat of Grant
County, is located near the mouth of the canyon. The main road between the
John Day and Harney Valleys extends through this canyon for about 11 miles,
thence winds up over the mountain into Bear Valley. The main stream through

_ the canyon and several of its larger branches furnish good fishing. Along the

breaks of the canyon deer are plentiful, and it is a favorite fall hunting ground. A
good automobile road extends the full length of the canyon.

The supervisor’s headquarters is at John Day, and district rangers are located
at Crane Prairie, Lake Creek, Crow Flat, Murderers Creek, Bear Valley, Hyiu, and

Raddue ranger stations.

MINAM NATIONAL FOREST

HE Minam National Forest lies in the northeastern part of Oregon on the
southern and western slopes of the Wallowa Mountains. The elevation
varies from 1,700 to 9,675 feet, and the area is 430,694 acres.

During 1915, 13 lakes in scenic, mountainous regions were stocked with eastern
brook, rainbow, and steelhead trout, approximately 46,000 fry being liberated.

Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon

A waterfallin the forest depths.

ne Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon

In the parks, meadows, and camp grounds mentioned later are many attractive
sites for permanent summer homes. Good water and fuel are abundant. Grass
for campers’ horses is reserved in the best camping locations.

Crater Lake, containing 30 acres, surrounded by picturesque, perpendicular
walls, is a natural wonder, located at the headwaters of Cliff River, a tributary of
the Imnaha. Trolling for eastern brook trout furnishes good sport. This lake
can be reached from Pine or Eagle Valley by taking the Union-Cornucopia wagon
road westward to the top of Summit Creek ridge, thence by pack trail following the
Cliff River stock driveway to destination.

The Balm Creek Reservoir is an artificial reservoir, 1 mile long, one-third mile
wide, on the Union-Cornucopia Road, 30 miles northeast of Baker, Oreg., by
automobile. Good camping, fishing, and boating facilities are afforded. A daily
automobile stage runs from Baker to Cornucopia, about 75 miles.

Fizz Springs are soda springs located near the head of Little Eagle Creek on the
Union-Cornucopia Road, 1o miles west of Pine Valley and 45 miles northeast of
Baker. Automobiles reach the springs with some difficulty. Every year many
people spend weeks at this remote summer resort to rest and drink the spring water.
Huckleberry pickers reap a good harvest in the vicinity. Grouse, deer, and other
wild game are found near by. Horse feed is found on the benches south of the
springs.

The Minam River trip isa trip for the fisherman and the hunter. Sixteen miles
of travel by pack trail from Cove, over the scenic route to the Minam, will take
one to the midst of a good hunting and fishing ground. ‘The best fishing is above
Millard ranger station. Fish in large numbers can be caught at the various falls
along the stream and in the North Minam River Good camping places are numer-
ous and horse feed is plentiful. Grouse, pheasants, deer, bear, and coyotes make
their homes along this stream. For the return trip, the traveler has the choice of
several different routes, all affording excellent fishing, hunting, and scenery.

The West Eagle trip is a drive to Basin mine by wagon or automobile; thence
by pack trail along the telephone line 2 miles to Eagle Forks (a camping place with
horse feed one-half mile up the main Eagle Creek); thence up West Eagle Creek
54 miles to large meadows (good camping, good grass, and good fishing); thence
7 miles to Echo and Traverse Lakes, at an altitude of 7,500 feet. These lakes
were stocked in 1915 with steelhead trout. A splendid view of meadows, lakes,

113052°—19—_4

Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon a

glaciers, and mountains may be had by climbing one of the 9,000-foot peaks
near by.

The Eagle Forks and Two Color Meadows trip brings one to the center of a
fish and game country. It is 45 miles from Baker to Eagle Forks by wagon, going
in via the Sanger Mine and Eagle River power-plant. It is 3 miles farther by trail
to Iwo Color Meadows, a good camping place with plenty of horse feed. From
here various points of interest can be visited by trail, such as “‘The Falls,” Bennet
Peak, which is in the grouse country and on which a Forest Service fire lookout
remains during the dry months of the year, Hummingbird Mountain, and Look-
inglass Lake, which was stocked with fish in 1915. A scenic route northerly from
Lookinglass Lake leads through a deer country to Eagle Lake, which was also
artificially stocked. :

East Eagle Park is a good fishing and camping ground, which can be reached
from Baker by automobile in four hours. To reach East Eagle, enter the Forest
near Sparta, travel north to the Union-Cornucopia Road at the Lily White mine,
thence east about a mile to the forks of the road. The left-hand road leads to Eagle
Creek and East Eagle. From the Eagle Creek Bridge it is 6 miles to the park.
Hunters will find deer, bear, pheasants, and grouse. ‘Those wishing huckleberries
will find a large patch east of the creek.

Along both sides of Jack Creek, a small tributary of Eagle Creek in the midst
of the so-called East Eagle Park, a natural park-like area, the Forest Service has
set aside a small summer-home site including 8 lots which may be leased by the
public at the rate of $10 per lot per annum. This is called the Jack Creek summer
home site area, and is 15 miles from Sparta and 46 miles from Baker by automobile
road.

If a rough trip is desired, a journey can be made to Eagle Cap and Hidden
Lake at the head of the stream. Eagle Cap, about 9,675 feet, is the highest peak
on the Minam Forest. From its summit can be seen hundreds of snowcapped
peaks of the Wallowa Mountains.

Fish Lake can be reached by wagon or automobile from Halfway over 25 miles
of rough road. ‘The trail offers a more desirable route of 18 miles. Hundreds of
Eagle and Pine Valley people use this camp ground every summer. ‘The red-meat
trout is caught from Fish Lake by the thousands, and deer and bear are found in
the heavily timbered belts in the vicinity. Grouse make their homes on Russell

Twenty- Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon

and Sugarloaf Mountains, about 2 miles north. Visitors to Fish Lake should not
fail to visit Russell Mountain fire lookout tower.

The forest supervisor’s headquarters is at Baker, and district rangers are
located at Cove, Halfway, and Medical Springs, Oreg.

OCHOCO NATIONAL FOREST

HE Ochoco National Forest (716,604 acres) lies almost in the center of
Oregon, in the counties of Crook, Wheeler, Harney, and Grant. It is
reached by way of the two railroads up the Deschutes River to Red-

mond, thence by automobile stage to Prineville, where the supervisor’s office is
located. From here stage lines lead out to all parts of the Forest. The Forest
may also be reached by way of Condor, Fossil, and Mitchell, via Prairie City, John
Day, and Dayville, or via Burns.

The Forest is more or less open and the slopes are so gradual that nearly
every township can be reached with a mountain wagon. It possesses no natural
features of particular interest, such as snowcapped peaks or high mountain lakes.
The elevation ranges from 3,o00 feet to 7,400 feet, Lookout, Snow, Bald, and
Pisgah Mountains being the highest points.

There is always sufficient feed for camp horses along the streams until late fall.

Probably the most desirable camping place is on Deep Creek, which is a short
distance east of Big Summit Prairie. This stream is only 6 miles from the Meadow
post office, from which point there is a fairly good wagon road to camping sites on
the creek, where horse feed is found in abundance. |

Emigrant Creek, in the extreme southeastern part of the Forest, is probably
the best fishing stream. Deer hunting is also good in this vicinity. This portion
of the Forest is more difficult to reach from the outside world, however, since it
is about 100 miles from the nearest railroad point.

Some attractive camping or summer-home sites are to be found along Canyon
Creek, about 30 miles east of Prineville, and along the route of the Prineville-
Meadow stage line. While the fishing is not so good in this stream, deer and
grouse are fairly abundant and the scenery is very attractive. Good water and
horse feed are plentiful in this valley.

A new road has just been completed through the Forest, connecting the Ochoco
and Taylor Creek Valleys. This road extends for 12 miles through the open,

parklike forest, and is passable to automobiles from about May 15 to November It.

Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon =
A road is also being extended up Mill Creek, a branch of Ochoco Creek, and
already about 5 miles have been constructed, so that the canyon is now accessible
to automobiles and other vehicles for over a mile above the falls.
The supervisor’s headquarters is at Prineville, and district rangers are located
at Maury, Beaver, Ochoco, and Allison ranger stations, and at Paulina, Oreg.

OREGON NATIONAL FOREST

OTH slopes of the Cascade Range from the Columbia River southward to

the divide between the Clackamas and Santiam River basins are in the

Oregon National Forest. Of special recreational interest are the Mount

Hood region, Mount Jefferson, the Olallie Lakes along the summit of the Cascades

north of Mount Jefferson, the upper waters of the Clackamas River, and the Colum-
bia Gorge Park.

The Columbia Gorge Park is on the south bank of the Columbia River, 38
miles from Portland, and is reached by the Columbia River Highway. It is also
convenient to the Oregon-Washington Railroad & Navigation Co. and Columbia
River steamboat service; and in the outing season has daily automobile stage
service from Portland. It is 22 miles long and from 1 to 4 miles wide, and some of
the best view points are near the highway. A complete scheme of development
of the park for summer recreation purposes has been undertaken by the Forest
Service. At Eagle Creek, 44 miles from Portland, picnic and camping grounds
with many conveniences have been established. In 1918 about 20,000 pleasure
seekers registered at these grounds, and it is estimated that altogether there were
close to 75,000 summer visitors in that year. There are other fine camping sites,
and a system of trails is being developed. Excellent trails, from which the views
are beautiful, run from the Highway at Multnomah Falls up Multnomah Creek to
Larch Mountain, and from Bonneville to Wauna Point, and up Herman Creek to
Indian Mountain and Chinidere Mountain. The Forest Service has recently com-
pleted a new trail up Eagle Creek to connect at Wahtum Lake with the Herman
Creek trail, forming a 27-mile loop. At Wahtum Lake is located the permanent

camp of the Portland Boy Scouts. A map of the park, showing the trails and

camp grounds, may be secured from the forest officers on the ground.

pees Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon

At the Eagle Creek camp groundsin the Oregon National Forest. Here firewood and well-equipped camping places are
provided by the Forest Service for the convenience of visitors. Eagle Creek is on the Columbia River Highway and
is visited by thousands annually. A representative of the Forest Service is on hand to direct and otherwise assist
the public.

Mount Hood, 11,225 feet, is most easily reached from Portland by wagon roads
through the Hood River valley. There are many attractive camping places on
its slopes. Lost Lake is famous for its great beauty and for the remarkable views
of the mountain obtained from its shores. Many campers and fishermen visit it
each year, and the improvement of the road from the town of Dee in the Hood
River Valley will make it more accessible. Mount Hood is climbed from the
south, starting from Government Camp, which is reached in summer by automobile
stage from Portland and from Boring on the electric line of the P. R. L. & P. Co.
The Government Camp is also connected with the Deschutes River Valley via
Wapinitia by a good road, much traveled in summer by wagons and automobiles.
The starting point for making the ascent from the north is Cloud Cap Inn, 31 miles
from Hood River.

Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon

Mount Hood from a timbered park in the Oregon National Forest.

An admirable camp site, commanding five views of Mount Hood from an open
meadow, is Elk Meadows on the new Forest Service trail around the east side of
Mount Hood. ‘The trail is now the only method of getting to Elk Meadows, but
the proposed Mount Hood automobile road, which will connect the roads of the
upper Hood River Valley with the Barlow Road south of the mountain, will pass
near the camp grounds.

The Bull Run division of the Oregon National Forest is the only part of the
Forest which is not open to the public. This part of the Forest contains the water-
shed from which the city of Portland derives its water supply, and is closed to the
public by act of Congress.

The upper waters of the Clackamas River consist of eight large branches, each
of which has numerous tributaries. A comprehensive trail system covers this
entire watershed and makes accessible many fine camp sites. The region is ideal
for walking or pack trips. It is heavily timbered mountain country, intersected

with picturesque streams, and affords good hunting and fishing. The Austin and

Thirly- Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon

Bagsby Springs, two medicinal hot springs, may be reached by trail from Estacada.
These springs are distant two and three days’ travel, respectively, from Portland.

A good trail, beginning at Dodge, a post office 9 miles north of Estacada, ex-
tends along the west boundary of this part of the Oregon National Forest and
follows the high divide southward at Elk Lake and North Santiam River. The
High Camp, Red House, and Skunk Cabbage Trails, which enter the Forest from
towns along the Molalla, lead into this trail from the west. It passes through an
area which is very rugged and scenically beautiful. One can go in a week of easy
riding from Estacada by the Dodge Trail to Elk Lake and return down the Clack-
amas River. This trip takes in the high divide between the Clackamas and Molalla
Rivers, Bagsby Hot Springs, and Battle Axe Mountain with its wonderful view of
the Cascade Range panorama. Those who want to extend the trip and do not
mind some rough traveling may branch off at Elk Lake, take the Old Indian Trail
over the Scorpion Mountains to the summit of the Cascades, and return to Estacada
by way of Clackamas Lake and Squaw Mountain.

The peculiar topographic formation and advantageous situation of Lookout
Mountain make it especially important as a recreation ground. It is a long, nar-
row ridge, 4,600 feet high, from which a clear view may be obtained of Mount
Hood and the whole Cascade Range to the west and of the plains of central Oregon
and the Blue Mountains to the east. High Prairie on the north slope and near
the summit, Brooks Meadow lower down and north of the mountain, and Badger
Lake on the south, are among the best camp sites. The Summit Trail along the
top of the ridge between these points connects with the wagon road from Dufur.
Brooks Meadow is reached by wagon road from The Dalles or by trail from the
Hood River Valley.

Mount Jefferson, one of the finest scenic peaks in Oregon, is described in the
section on the Santiam National Forest.

From Olallie Butte 30 or more lakes are visible along the summit of the main
Cascade Range, extending in a chain northward from Mount Jefferson toward
Mount Hood. ‘The climb to Olallie Butte gives a memorable view of the whole
summit country. There are good camping sites at all of these lakes, and they may
be reached by the main trail system southward from Mount Hood, or from Esta-
cada by the Summit Trail by way of Squaw Mountain and Clackamas Lake, or by
the trail up the Clackamas River from Estacada.

=

Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon

Taste or Distances IN Mites py SHortest Route BETWEEN NEARBY Towns AND Points WITHIN THE OREGON
NaTIONAL Forest

Ranger] Locks.
* Station.

Austin Hot Springs
Brooks Meadow. .
Bagsby Hot Springs. .......

Elk Meadow

Weert ea 222 ot ol ei
_ Eagle Creek Camps

Gresham

Government Camp.........

Hood River

Jefferson Park

Lookout Mountain

- Mount Hood Lodge
Multnomah Falls............|
1 2: eee
Oak Grove Ranger Station ..
Olallie Meadow
Oregon City

N) G1 Oo
ow w

Oo

Squaw Mountain........... |
The Dalles

Wapinitia
Welches

Hi Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon
At the mouth of Still Creek, 35 miles from Portland on the automobile road to
Mount Hood, the Forest Service has set apart two areas for summer residence sites.
Fifty small lots have been platted, and a number of them have been leased at
small annual rentals. Near Still Creek and the Rhododendron Inn is the Zigzag
summer home site area of 118 lots. These lots, with a frontage of 140 feet on the
banks of the beautiful Zigzag River, lie among the soft greens and browns of the
vine maple and fir woods, and can be leased for $10 a year. Easy access from
Portland by automobile and great natural beauty make this section one of the
most attractive mountain regions for summer camping and recreation.

The huckleberry patches in the Forest are much frequented by ranchers and
their families. They are usually at high elevations. Notable ones are those on
the south slope of Mount Hood, at Squaw Mountain east of Estacada, on Huckle-
berry Mountain south of Welches, and near Lost Lake. Mountain huckleberries
are of large size and fine flavor. The Forest Service excludes sheep from the
berry patches which are near popular summer resorts and camp grounds.

Most of the trips in the Oregon National Forest are long enough to require
saddle and pack horses, which may be obtained at Hood River, a convenient start-
ing point for excursions into the Mount Hood and Olallie Lake regions. Another
good outfitting point for the Olallie Lakes is Estacada. This is also the starting
point for trips into the Clackamas River country. Columbia Gorge Park may be
reached by motor from Portland. Horses can be obtained at Cascade Locks. .

The Oregon National Forest, comprising 1,032,936 acres, has 750 miles of
trails and roads, which give easy access to the more important points.

The headquarters of the supervisor is at 504 Post-office Building, Portland.
Information may be obtained on the ground from the forest rangers at Mount
Hood post office, Cascade Locks, Welches, Estacada, Wamic, and Wapinita.

;

SANTIAM NATIONAL FOREST

HE Santiam National Forest is on the west slope of the Cascade Range, in
Linn and Marion Counties, and occupies the mountainous region from
Mount Jefferson and Mount Washington west to the Willamette Valley.
This territory is drained principally by the Santiam River and its tributaries. The

area 1s approximately 607,097 acres. For the most part it is well timbered.
113052°—19

5

Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon Thirty.

Four

The Forest is most easily accessible from three points: Detroit, Cascadia, and
Sisters.

Detroit is near the eastern terminus of the Hoover branch of the Southern
Pacific Co. lines, 55 miles east of Albany. Trains run from Albany to Detroit
daily except Sunday. There is no wagon road into Detroit. The road ends at
Niagara, about 13 miles from Detroit, but there is a good trail the rest of the way.
At Detroit pack and saddle horses, guides, and packers are usually obtainable.
Hotel accommodations and camping privileges can also be had. From this point
as a base, good fishing is to be reached in the North Santiam River, which passes
through the town, and in Breitenbush River, Tumble Creek, French Creek, Humbug
Creek, and Boulder Creek, all of which are within from 2 to 6 miles of Detroit.

From Detroit there are two main routes of travel, one up the Breitenbush
River and the other up the North Santiam River.

On the Breitenbush route are two good camping sites, Humbug Creek and the
Breitenbush Hot Springs. Humbug Creek isin the dense timber 6 miles from Detroit
by trail. The fishing is splendid. There is plenty of wood and water for camping
purposes, but no horse feed.

The Breitenbush Hot Springs are 12 miles by trail from Detroit. These springs
have been developed in a crude way. Several rude bathhouses, steam rooms, and
bathing tanks have been constructed. Camping and bathing privileges can be had
at moderate rates. There is no hotel, but several old cabins are available, and a
tent restaurant is usually conducted during the summer months. On an adjacent
area are several more cabins for rent. There is fine fishing and hunting in this
locality and ample opportunity for mountain climbing.

Campers taking the North Santiam River route usually go to Permelia Lake or
Marion Lake, though Jefferson Park, Hunts Cove, and Three Fingered Jack might well
be included, particularly by the mountain climber and lover of mountain scenery.

Permelia Lake is 16 miles by trail from Detroit, 9 of which is on the Minto
Trail to Marion Lake and eastern Oregon. The lake is about 3,000 feet above
sea level and is situated at the base of Mount Jefferson, which makes it a good
starting point for the ascent. Mount Jefferson is 10,522 feet in elevation and
has several glaciers and other scenic points of interest rivaling those of any other
peak in Oregon. A summer home site tract has been set aside at the lake. The

fishing is splendid, and hunting and camping facilities are good.

Thirty- Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon

Jefferson Park, a comparatively level area several thousand acres in extent,
is located just north of Mount Jefferson in a tremendous gash across the summit
of the Cascades. It is 23 miles by trail from Detroit, 8 of which are along the
well-traveled Minto Trail through beautiful stands of timber. The remainder of
the way to the park is steep and rugged in places, but passable, and the scenic
beauties along the trail and in Jefferson Park should be ample compensation to
the lover of mountains. Alpine meadows, bordered with fringes of alpine timber,
and numerous little lakes, streams, and waterfalls characterize the landscape.
A large glacier on the north side of Mount Jefferson descends almost to the park
and can be reached by a few minutes’ walk. The drainage from the park flows
two ways—to the Deschutes River on the east and to the Santiam River on the
west. The larger lakes in the park have been stocked with brook trout. The
hunting is good. | |

Marion Lake is on the well-traveled Minto Trail, 23 miles from Detroit. It
lies at 4,000 feet elevation and is one of the largest lakes in this section of the
mountains. ‘The fishing is fine here. There are also other lakes near-by which
have been stocked with trout. Three Fingered Jack is a few miles south of the
lake, with many scenically interesting bluffsand buttes near by. Camping facilities
are excellent. There are telephone connections. Most of the burns in this region,
and everywhere in the Forest above 3,500 feet elevation, abound in luscious
huckleberries. ;

At Marion Lake the Forest Service has surveyed, and now has ready for lease
at from $12 to $15 a year, two groups of summer-home sites—the Camp Marion
group on the northwest shore and the Jefferson group on the southwest shore—
in locations which promise to be ideal for hunting, fishing, scenery, or quiet
enjoyment.

Three Fingered Jack is especially attractive to the lover of mountain scenery.
It includes a group of jagged rocky pinnacles on the main “backbone”’ of the
Cascades at an elevation of 7,792 feet. The Minto Trail crosses the summit of
the range just north of this mountain at a distance of 30 miles from Detroit. There
is fishing in the lakes and huckleberries are found in the burns. Wood, water,
and horse feed are abundant. Hunting is fairly good also. ‘This locality may

also be reached readily from the wagon road at Big Lake, a few miles south, which

is mentioned later.

Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon | Thiriy-

1x

Big Meadows are large, marshy areas 26 miles from Detroit and about 10
miles from the Minto Trail. The North Santiam River runs through them, though
it is but a medium-sized creek at this point. Fishing and hunting are good.
Wood, water, and horse feed are available in plenty. A telephone is located
here also. There is no scenery of particular interest, and the whole region is
densely timbered. A branch trail leads to Three Fingered Jack, 7 miles west.

The localities known as Sisters and Cascadia are on the east and west parts,
respectively, of the Willamette Valley and Cascade Mountain Military Road,
built in the pioneer days from the Willamette Valley to eastern Oregon. ‘This
road crosses the southern end of the Santiam Forest and is popularly known as
the Santiam wagon road, since it follows the South Santiam River more or less
closely for about 50 miles. Cascadia is a summer resort on the western portion
of the road 30 miles southeast of Lebanon, the terminus of a branch of the Southern
Pacific from Albany, 15 miles away. The Santiam wagon road can usually be
traveled from June to November by teams and from July to September by auto-
mobile, though it is not a good automobile road. Parties wishing to go by this
route must furnish their own transportation facilities, as there is no regular stage.
Hotel accommodations may be had at Upper Soda, 12 miles from Cascadia, the
Mountain House, 15 miles, and Fish Lake, 33 miles, Beyond Fish Lake no
accommodations are to be had until Sisters is reached. _

From Cascadia may be reached splendid fishing grounds along the South
Santiam River, Canyon Creek, and other streams. Hunting is not very good,
however. Cascadia has a hotel, a store, a camp ground, and a fine soda spring.
There is a good camp site on the wagon road at Snow Creek, 24 miles from Cascadia
and 9 miles west of Fish Lake. From the top of Sevenmile Hill a trail leads south
15 miles to Wolf Rock and Carpenter Mountain. The latter is a fire-lookout
station and has telephone connections. The scenery from the 6,oo0-foot summit
of the mountain is truly remarkable. * Side trails lead to Squaw Mountain, Bunch-
grass Mountain, and Browder Ridge, from all of which the views are splendid.

Fish Lake is about 33 miles from Cascadia and is an important stopping place,
with a hotel, feed barn, store, and camp ground. The lake drains dry in summer,

and the dry lake bed furnishes ample feed for campers’ horses.
At Clear Lake, 2 miles to the south of Fish Lake, there is splendid fishing and

boats can be rented. On the eastern shore of the lake is a group of summer-home

Seven

Thirty- Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon

sites which may be leased for from $10 to $15 a year. Five miles below Clear Lake
three large waterfalls occur in the McKenzie River. The lava rock in the locality
makes travel difficult along the river below the lake. A good trail south from
Fish Lake reaches the McKenzie River 6 miles below Clear Lake, then follows the
river to the Belknap Hot Springs, about 20 miles from Fish Lake. Fishing is good
along the McKenzie. Accommodations may be had at Belknap Springs. Wagon
roads from here lead to central Oregon and down the river to Eugene about 60
miles away. ‘There is stage service to Eugene during the summer.

“Immediately on leaving Fish Lake the wagon road to the east begins the
difficult ascent of Sand Mountain, the last rise to the summit of the Cascades. East
of Sand Mountain the country is more nearly level and is very sandy, with a thin
stand of stunted alpine timber. Two miles of this brings the traveler to the unusual
camp site at Big Lake, a beautiful sheet of water near the summit of the Cascades
at an elevation of about 5,o00 feet and at the foot of Mount Washington. Mount
Washington has an elevation of 7,769 feet. A mile or more to the north is a long,
steep-sided, level-topped butte called, from its shape, Hayrick Butte.

Beyond Big Lake the precise summit of the Cascades divide is reached within
2 miles and the descent of the east slope is begun through the lodgepole and yellow-
pine timber- The distance from Big Lake to Sisters is about 20 miles.

The supervisor's headauarters is at Albany, and district rangers are located

at Detroit and at the Cascadia ranger station.

SISKIYOU NATIONAL FOREST

a: Siskiyou National Forest, situated in southwestern Oregon and north-
western California, includes an area of about 1,000,000 acres in the Coast
Range. These mountains, known as the Rogue River and Siskiyou Moun-

tains, are of moderate altitude but exceedingly rough. ‘The principal streams are

the Coquille, Rogue, Illinois, Smith, Winchuck, Chetco, Pistol, Elk, and Sixes

Rivers. The Rogue heads in the Cascade Range northwest of Crater Lake, and

after passing through the famous Rogue River Valley, winds its tortuous way in

narrow, boxlike canyons through the Coast Range to the sea.
This country has long been favorably though not widely known as a happy
hunting ground. large herds of deer are not unusual. Small black and brown

bear, cougar, red fox, marten, otter, fisher, and silver gray squirrels are common.

— ee

a

——
awe

~ ta $50

Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon There

Motoring into mountain land. The distant slopes are in the Siskiyou National Forest.

Mountain and valley quail and partridge abound, and on the coast wild geese and
ducks are numerous. Practically all the streams afford fishing for several varieties
of trout and salmon. In addition to the well-known Oregon Caves and the beau-
tiful canyon of the Rogue River, many delightful camp grounds may be reached
by automobile in a few hours from Grants Pass.

Favorite hunting resorts are: Bear Camp, Squirrel Camp, and vicinity, reached
from the railroad at Merlin, Oreg., by automobile or stage to Galice, the outfitting
point, and then by pack and saddle animals over 25 miles of fair trail; Snow Camp
and the head ot the Pistol and Chetco Rivers, reached from the railroad at Grants
Pass, by 12 hours of stage or automobile travel to Brookings, the outfitting point,
and thence by wagon haul of 20 miles and pack saddle journey of 16 miles over a
fair trail; Cold Springs, Walkers Prairie, and Ninemile, all reached from railroad
at West Fork (Dothan post office), the outfitting point, by pack train, a distance of
12 miles over a good trail; and Coquille River, Eden Ridge, and Squaw Basin,

Thirty Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon

reached from the railroad at Powers by pack and saddle animals over 12 miles of
good trail.

The principal fishing streams are Coquille, Rogue, Smith, Winchuck, Pistol,
and Hlk Rivers. ‘There are attractive summer camps along the Rogue and Smith
Rivers. Many beautiful sites may be found on all the important rivers and their
tributaries.

On the middle fork of the Smith River, adjacent to Smith Fork ranger station,
the Forest Service has set aside the Gasquet group of summer-home sites, which
may be leased at $10 per annum. ‘This tract is on an automobile road with mail
and automobile stage route 18.7 miles to Crescent City, Calif., or 77 miles to
Grants Pass, Oreg.

The Southern Pac.fic Shasta route parallels the eastern boundary of the Forest
about 10 miles distant. The California and Oregon Coast Railroad, now under
construction, will approximately parallel the only wagon road through the Forest.
The Southern Pacific from Marshfield has been extended to Powers, Oreg., a few
miles from the northern boundary.

The greater part of the trip to the Oregon Caves National Monument is made
from Grants Pass by a fair wagon and automobile road, running as far as the
Stephens’ ranch on upper Williams Creek, a distance of 26 miles. From this
point to the caves the journey must be made on horseback or on foot over a very
good forest trail, a distance of approximately 10 miles; arrangements for this should
be made before leaving Grants Pass. The caves are located in Cave Mountain, a
peak of limestone formation of about 6,000 feet elevation. The main openings are
at about 4,000 feet, but the entire mountain side for 5 or 6 miles is probably honey-
combed like the portion which has been explored. ‘The caves are more a series of
galleries than of roomy caverns, although many beautiful rooms have been dis-
covered. Miles of galleries have been visited. There are thousands of passageways
leading in all directions, partly closed by stalactites. Considering the distance and
the unexplored openings on the opposite side of the mountain, the magnitude of the
Oregon Caves can be truly said to be unknown. One small stream (and possibly
others unknown) runs through this labyrinth of beautiful and varied geological
formations. During the season the Forest Service stations a guide at the entrance

whose duty it is to conduct all visitors through the caves and to open up new

passageways.

Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon | Forty

Leaving Stephens’ ranch, a further journey of 96 miles by automobile and
stage road takes the traveler through the Illinois Valley, Smith River country,
Gasquet summer resort, and Mill Creek redwoods, to Crescent City.

From Crescent City an automobile and stage road turns south along the Cali-
fornia coast, running to Requa, 25 miles, and to Trinidad, 73 miles. From Crescent
City a similar road turns north along the coast to Brookings, 33 miles, Pistol River,
54 miles, and Gold Beach, 72 miles.

From Gold Beach a gasoline mail boat goes up Rogue River 32 miles to Agnes,
from which place a trail leads to Bear Camp and Snow Camp. An automobile and
stage road also leaves Gold Beach, goes north along the coast to Arizona*Inn, 16
miles away, and to Middle Elk River and the trail to the hunting and fishing camps ~
on Elk River, 25 miles, Port Orford, 32 miles, and lower Elk River, 34 miles.

From Merlin, on the Southern Pacific, an automobile and stage road goes 16
miles to Galice, and from there trails lead to Bear Camp, Briggs Valley, and other
hunting and fishing resorts. From Galice a Government trail goes down Rogue
River gorge.

The Forest Service has constructed 225 miles of good trails, which, with older
trails, make even the more remote parts of the Forest accessible to saddle and pack
animals without great difficulty. Regular hotels are numerous along stage roads;
and, although settlement in the Forest is sparse, the traveler need seldom go more
than a day’s journey without finding accommodations at the cabin of some settler
or prospector. Many of the more popular resorts are now reached by Forest Ser-
vice telephone lines.

The supervisor has headquarters at Grants Pass, and district rangers are located
at the Rand, McGribble, Shasta Costa, Page Creek, West Moore, and Smith Fork
ranger stations. The district ranger at McGribble Station has winter headquarters
at Port Orford, Oreg.

SIUSLAW NATIONAL FOREST

HE Siuslaw National Forest is located in the counties of Tillamook, Yamhill,

Polk, Lincoln, Benton, Lane, Coos, and Douglas. It includes the summit

of the Coast Range, and borders the coast of the Pacific Ocean for a number

of miles. It comprises a net area of Government land of approximately 543,383

acres.

Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon

Misecad

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More than 2,600 miles of such trails have been constructed

Building a Forest Service trail in a National Forest in Oregon.

in the National Forests in the State.

4

Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon Forty

Much use has been made of the Forest and its immediate vicinity in the past by
campers, hunters, automobilists, and other tourists. The numerous lakes, rivers,
streams, and the ocean with its rocky promontories, its wave-beaten cliffs, its
coves, caves, and excellent beach afford recreation and diversion.

Boating, fishing, and duck hunting are favorite pastimes on the lakes; the moun-
tains abound with deer, bear, and wildcat; the streams, rivers, and lakes are well
supplied with fish. There is trout fishing in the streams, salmon trout fishing and
trolling for salmon in the rivers. Trout fishing is best in the spring and early
summer, particularly during the months of April, May, and June, before the water
gets too low. Trolling for salmon is yearly becoming a more popular sport on all
the large rivers, such as the Nestucca, Siletz, Alsea, Siuslaw, Umpqua, and Coos

Rivers. September and October are the most favorable months for this kind of

fishing.

Where the Forest borders the ocean there is an excellent beach and surf bathing.
The summer camper finds ample diversion in fishing from the rocks and in dig-
ging clams and hunting for agates, sea shells, and other curiosities along the beach.
For deep-sea fishing at practically any time of the year fishing smacks may be
hired at the river harbors.

In order to reach the more favorable fishing and hunting grounds that are found
on the Forest, it is practically necessary, in almost every case, to pass through
some of the principal summer resorts in the immediate vicinity. The Forest can
be reached from any of these places in from one to ten hours’ time.

Nestucca Bay and Devil Lake are popular resorts which do not lie directly within
the Forest but are close to its boundary. Nestucca Bay and the Salmon River
country can be reached by wagon or automobile via Willamina and Dolph. Pacific
City is the principal resort. Devil Lake affords excellent hunting and fishing;
there is also a hotel for summer tourists.

Drift Creek, a tributary of Siletz River, affords good fishing. To reach it a boat
must be taken from Taft, at the mouth of Siletz Bay, for a distance of 8 miles up
the Siletz River, then travel is over a foot trail for about 3 miles. Siletz Bay is
reached by wagon via Willamina, or by wagon, automobile, or stage from Toledo.
~The Table Mountain country offers good hunting opportunities. It is reached
by trail from Tidewater, the head of tide on the Alsea River where pack animals
ean usually be procured. The Alsea River affords good fishing, as does Drift

Forly- Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon

Creek, 3 miles above Waldport. Alsea Bay is reached by automobile or wagon via
Alsea.

Oceanview is a popular and growing resort. Here a first-class free camp and
pasture grounds are found, food supplies may be purchased, and pack horses and
guides hired to reach hunting grounds within the Forest, especially Klickitat
Mountain and the surrounding country. Oceanview is reached by way of
Waldport, which is a half day’s stage trip south from Newport, the terminus of
the Southern Pacific line to Yaquina Bay.

Three miles south of Oceanview is Cape Perpetua, with its striking scenery
and good camping places upon the Forest. Mussels and clams are found in
abundance, and there is good deep-sea fishing. Cape Creek affords a limited
amount of fresh-water fishing.

At Cape Perpetua, overlooking the roughest and most picturesque part of the
Oregon coast, the Forest Service has set aside a summer home site tract, on which
lots may be leased at the rate of $10 per annum. As a combination of beach and
forest recreation the location is ideal.

Samaria, at the mouth of Big Creek, and Heceta are two well-known camping
places within the Forest. These places are privately owned, but the adjacent
Forest land offers good fishing along Big Creek and good hunting on the high ridges
in close proximity. The Grassy Mountain State Game Reserve is about 3 miles
to the east of the coast line near Heceta. No game birds or animals may be

_ hunted, but predatory animals may be killed and fish may be taken. People from

the south can come out by hired team from Florence. From the north Samaria
and Heceta can be reached by wagon and, probably, in the near future by auto-
mobile.

Siuslaw Bay is reached by rail via Eugene. Its principal towns are Florence,
Mapleton, and Glenada. To reach the Forest it is necessary to pass through these
places. It is possible to travel by automobile or wagon from Eugene to Mapleton;
thence it is necessary to go by scow to Florence and Glenada. A wagon only, and

lightly loaded, could go from Florence, over 3 or 4 miles of loose sand roads, to the
beach and thence to northern points. Light-draft boats can now reach Florence;
the jetty at the mouth of the Siuslaw River is expected to insure a depth of from

24 to 28 feet at all times, so that large vessels will be able to reach Florence in the
future.

Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon Forty-

Four

The North Fork Smith River country presents fair fishing and hunting oppor-
tunities. It is accessible by boat from Mapleton for 1 mile down the Siuslaw
River to Hadsell Creek, and the rest of the way by a poor trail. There are several
old cabins along this trail which could be used by campers, but horse feed would
have to be packed in. It requires from one to two days’ travel to reach this
country. S
Tsiltcoos, Woahink, and Tahkenitch Lakes are from 3 to 15 miles south of
Glenada, and are readily reached by railroad. An inland road also gives wagons
access to these lakes from Glenada. At Tsiltcoos there are gasoline launches and

- rowboats for hire.

At Tsiltcoos, on Tsiltcoos Creek, a few miles from Ada and Lane on the Southern
Pacific Railway and reached by boat from these points on Tsiltcoos Lake, a number
of lots have been surveyed for summer-home sites. These lots may be leased at
from $7.50 to $10 a year. Here as at the Cape Perpetua home-site area there are
both beach and forest.

Winchester Bay at the mouth of the Umpqua River is reached from Eugene.
Scottsburg and Gardiner are located on the Umpqua River, as is Reedsport, through
which the railroad passes. Light-draft boats can reach Gardiner from the coast.

North and South Tenmile Lakes, with hotel accommodations, are located on
the Southern Pacific line from Eugene to Marshfield. They may also be reached
by automobile over an inland route from Coos Bay. Gasoline launches and row-
boats can be hired on South Tenmile Lake. The Forest lies one-half mile west,
and Tenmile Creek affords good fishing possibilities.

Coos Bay can be reached by the new railroad from the north. Travel from the
south would be principally by wagon or automobile from Roseburg. The main
points of interest are North Bend, Marshfield, and Allegany. Large boats from
northern and southern points can reach Marshfield and North Bend. The Mil-
licoma country offers fair fishing opportunities in the spring and summer, as well
as good hunting. It can be reached from Allegany in from one to two days’ travel,
and is accessible also from Scottsburg.

These places all lie in the vicinity of good fishing and hunting countries. With
the completion of the Southern Pacific line from Eugene to Marshfield, and the
construction of roads and trails by the Forest Service within the Forest, the

country lying within the Siuslaw National Forest will become more readily acces-

Forty- Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon

sible, and its numerous resorts with their excellent fishing and hunting possibilities
will make it one of the most popular recreation places in Oregon.
The supervisor has headquarters at Eugene and district rangers are located

at Waldport, Florence, and Gardiner, and at Hebo ranger station.

UMATIVUASNATIONAL FOREST

HE Umatilla National Forest is located on a low spur of the Blue Mountains
in eastern Oregon. It comprises portions of five eastern Oregon counties,
Grant, Morrow, Umatilla, Union, and Wheeler, and has an area of 485,786
acres. The Forest is open, with little or no underbrush.

The topography is rolling, with no marked features except along the breaks of
the John Day River and in the northeastern portion, where the canyons are deep
and rugged. ‘The elevation is from 3,000 to 7,000 feet.

The climate in summer is hot and dry and there is little rain, but the nights
are cool and pleasant. The summer season for campers and tourists generally
covers the period from July 1 to August 31; after this the nights begin to be cold
and stormy weather may occur.

The Forest is in two divisions, eastern and western, with Camas Valley inter-
vening. ‘The principal tributary points are Pendleton, Heppner, and Pilot Rock.
Settlements in the region of the Forest are Spray and Monument in the John Day
country, Gurdane and Albee in Camas Valiey, and Starkey in the Grande Ronde.

This Forest does not offer exceptional attractions to tourists and campers,
There are no lakes, and the streams are generally small and can not be classed as
good fishing grounds in the generally accepted meaning of the term. Camas and
Big Creeks in the eastern division have been stocked and are fished in season.
There is some fishing in Potamus and Ditch Creeks in the western division, but
these latter streams are apt to go dry in spots throughout their entire length.
Lehman Springs, a privately owned hot-springs resort, is a popular camping place,
as is Hideaway Springs, the latter being just outside the Forest. At both these
resorts accommodations. are furnished the camper and tourist. Some hunting can
be had, and deer and grouse are fairly plentiful.

There is a good summer automobile road from Pendleton to Lehman and Hide-

away Springs via Pilot Rock, and to Ukiah, Albee, and the John Day country.

Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon fae

Lehman and Hideaway Springs may be reached by automobile from either Ukiah
or Albee, and from Lehman Springs a passable automobile road runs to Starkey

in the Grande Ronde Valley and thence to Hilgard, on the Oregon-Washington

Railroad.

A summer automobile road runs from Heppner via Hardman and Parkers
Mill to Monument in the John Day country, and from Heppner via Hardman to
Spray on the John Day River. In the eastern division, the road from Lehman
Springs to Starkey runs east and west across the Forest. The western division
has an east and west road from Heppner to Ukiah in the Camas Valley, but it is

. impassable for automobiles.

There are no camping places on National Forest lands which can be recom-
mended for those traveling by horse-drawn vehicles. While there are well-grassed
meadows scattered throughout the Forest, these are mostly in private ownership,
acquired before the creation of the Forest, and are grazed by stock of the owners.

The supervisor has headquarters at Pendleton, and district rangers are located
at the Dixon, Ditch Creek, Frazier, Ellis, and Williams ranger stations.

UMPOUA NATIONAL FORESY

HE Umpqua National Forest is bounded on the east by the summit of the
Cascade Range, on the north by the Calapooya Mountains, and on the
south by the Umpqua-Rogue River divide. The Forest is, therefore,

identical with the upper basin of the Umpqua drainage system, except for an addi-
tional unit of about four townships on the north, which is included in the Willamette
watershed. ‘The area is 1,011,022 acres.

Two major drainage lines cross the Forest, the North and South Umpqua
Rivers. ‘These streams and their tributaries have cut deeply and sharply into the
long western slope of the Cascade Range, thus forming a labyrinth of steep, dark
canyons and narrow, irregular ridges. An exception to this rule is the extreme
headwaters of the North Umpqua, where the valleys have been glaciated and later
filled in by pumice deposits. In this region many of the streams come to the sur-
face in full volume from their underground channels.

The region is generally covered by a heavy forest, with Douglas fir at the lower
altitudes and Shasta fir and mountain hemlock as the principal species of the high

country.

Forly- Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon

Seven

Forage for campers’ use is scarce at lower elevations, but there are numerous
open parks scattered throughout the higher portions of the Forest where feed,
fuel, and water are available without limit. A day’s travel from settlement over
any route will bring the camper to the edge of this region, but two or three days
are required to reach the most popular localities. Most of the feed areas are grazed
over at some time during the season by stock under permit. Suitable camp sites
are so generally available in the interior of the Forest that no special localities need
be mentioned.

Fishing is good anywhere in the North Umpqua and its tributaries below the
Toketee Falls, about 75 miles east of Roseburg, Fish Creek being the last and best
of all. Owing to the height of these falls, there are no fish above this point. Dia-
mond Lake has recently been stocked, however, and the upper streams will eventu-
ally be supplied from this source. The South Umpqua is not a particularly good
fishing stream, although most of its tributaries are fairly well stocked, and Little
Fish Lake, near the head of the South Umpqua, is exceptionally good.

Game is fairly abundant throughout the Forest, but particularly so in the
South Umpqua region. Camp equipment, supplies, and guides can usually be
secured at Tiller.

At the headwaters of the North Umpqua River the State of Oregon has estab-
lished a bird and game refuge of about 100,000 acres for a period of five years begin-
ning November 15,1918. The main object of this refuge is to provide a natural deer-
breeding ground. The boundaries are rather roughly defined, but the hunter should
look out for game refuge posters east of Fish and Boulder Creeks.

Special points of interests on the North Umpqua are: Caps Illahe, at one time
famous as an Indian rendezvous and race track; Soda Springs, on the river 6 miles
above the Illahe; Toketee Falls and gorge, reached by trail from Big Camas via the
Fish Creek Desert Junction; the Hot Mineral Springs on the North Umpqua above
Mountain Meadows, Bradley Falls, a few miles below Kelsay Valley; Spring River, a
short tributary of the Umpqua, which comes to the surface a full-grown river;
Watson Falls, where the waters of Watson Creek drop over a 300-foot cliff; several
small but beautiful falls in the Clearwater River; Diamond Lake at the end of the
trail; and Black Rock, where, from the concrete and glass ranger lookout station, a
good view of nearly the whole Umpqua Forest may be obtained. Mount Thielson

is the highest peak in the Forest, and has an elevation of 9,178 feet.

Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon | Forty

The South Umpqua has few points of special scenic interest, although Black
Rock and Diamond Lake are accessible by this route as well as by the North
Umpqua. }

The Bohemia country, best reached from Cottage Grove, is easy of access, fur-
nishes a panorama of strikingly beautiful views, and is an ideal place for the camper
who is looking primarily for a place to rest.

To summarize: Go to the South Umpqua for hunting; to the Bohemia country
for a week-end trip or the rest cure; and for an all-round vacation excursion, take
the North Umpqua. Roseburg is the most important railroad and outfitting point.

The supervisor’s headquarters is at Roseburg, and district rangers are located
at Laying Creek, Wolf Creek, and Tiller ranger stations and at Glide, Oreg.

WALLOWA NATIONAL FOREST

HE Wallowa National Forest, comprising 957,579 acres, is located in the ex-
if treme northeast corner of the State. It is bounded on the east by Snake
River, and on the north it nearly touches the Washington State line. Pre-
senting a variety of topographic forms, from the gently rolling prairies to the very
characteristic and precipitous “rim rocks” on the Snake and Imnaha Rivers and
the grand, bold, granite peaks of the Wallowa Mountains, the Forest contains
some of the finest scenery in Oregon. With this very great range in topographical
features, there is a corresponding range in altitude and climate. From Snake
River, which is at an elevation of less than 1,000 feet, the canyon rises in scenic
grandeur and ruggedness over a mile above the stream. The higher mountains,
which include Eagle Cap and many other beautiful peaks, rise 9,700 feet in altitude,
so that perpetual snow and some minor glaciers are found.

The vegetation is the usual alpine variety and includes mountain heaths and
hedges; and, if the traveler has keen eyes and will climb the rougher and more inac-
cessible places, he will find patches of the rare and very beautiful forget-me-not. At
the same time he may get a glimpse of the almost extinct mountain sheep.

The Forest, excepting the higher mountains, is a series of timbered plateaus ©
which have been cut by streams and rivers. Along the Snake and Imnaha Rivers
the slopes are timbered.

A great deal of this region is unsettled and barely accessible, and means of
transportation are limited to the pack horse. As in all other mountainous regions,

the most beautiful views are obtained after the most arduous climbs.

el Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon

A group of Oregon wild flowers at close range. Yarrow or wild tansey in the Wallowa National Forest.

There are excellent sites for summer homes at Minam, Mirror, and Aneroid
Lakes. All of these lakes, and many smaller ones, are stocked with game fish. For
‘persons not wishing the hardships of camp life excellent facilities are offered at
Wallowa Lake, near Joseph, Oreg., where ample accommodations are provided by
an amusement company. Fishing, swimmimg, and bcating are to be had during
the summer.

There is excellent fishing in the larger rivers and their tributaries. All are
readily accessible either by road or trail. On the Minam and Imnaha Rivers fishing
is not good until the middle of July. This is due to high water in these streams until
that time. Ina general way, fishing is good from April to September in the lower
canyon and during July and August in all the streams in the higher mountains.

Hunting is best in the northern half of the Forest and along the breaks of Snake
River. There is a noticeable lack cf both deer and game birds in the high moun-
tains. Along the Minam River deer are usually found in abundance, but they are
difficult to hunt because of the steep slopes. A few days spent on Powwatka, Kuhn,

Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon Fifty

a

PONT kl at

Napee, Oye a. 4
hh -
i

F< arn

aromas OO DO OT a i I

w +

&
co
+*
‘
=

Returning from a hunt in the Wallowa National Forest. Visitors should provide themselves with a copy of the State
game laws, since these apply in the Forests as well as outside.

Day, and McAllister ridges, or in the Chesnimnus country will usually net the bag
limit of birds.

The supervisor’s headquarters is at Wallowa, and district rangers are located
at Wallowa and Joseph, and at the College Creek, Thorn Creek, Chico, and Sled

Springs ranger stations.

WENAHA NATIONAL FOREST

HE Wenaha National Forest, in northeastern Oregon and southeastern
Washington, covers approximately 737,000 acres, 425,504 acres of which
are in Oregon. It has no striking scenery—that is, no beautiful lakes or

rugged peaks; but it is practically surrounded by farming country and is a good
camping, fishing, and hunting ground.

The Forest lies on a plateau from 4,500 to 6,400 feet above sea level. The val-
leys are canyonlike and about 2,000 feet lower than the plateau. The surrounding

country is from 1,000 to 3,000 feet above sea level.

Fifty ; Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon

Owing to the warm weather in the surrounding country during the summer
months the forest and mountainous region, where the temperature seldom exceeds
85°, is much frequented by campers and pleasure seekers. From 6,000 to 8,000
people take advantage of the cool mountain air and pure, cold water each season;
some just for an outing, others for fishing and hunting.

All streams are fully stocked with fish each season and good catches are fre-
quently made. The Tucannon River, in the northern part of the National Forest,
is fished extensively by people from Pomeroy, Dayton, and Walla Walla, Wash.
Mill Creek and the Walla Walla River, in the western part of the Forest, afford
excellent sport for the Walla Walla, Milton, and Freewater fishermen. The Uma-
tilla River and Meacham Creek, in the southwestern part of the Forest, are usually
frequented by residents of Pendleton, Oreg. People who have time to take a two
or three weeks’ fishing trip generally go to the Wenaha River, where the fishing is
as good as any on the Forest. It takes from two to three days to reach the river
from the surrounding settlements.

Grouse hunting is generally good throughout the Forest. Large game is not
very plentiful. About 50 black and brown bear and about 150 deer are killed each
season. Some seasons huckleberries are very plentiful; at other times they are
killed by June frosts.

While there is no really striking scenery, the rough, roiling hills have a beauty
of their own. The ridges are generally narrow, covered partly with timber and
brush and partly with open bunch grass, and the canyons are deep and narrow.
An excellent view of the Grande Ronde Valley and of La Grande and other small
towns in the valley may be obtained from Mount Emily, which is reached by a
g-mile wagon road from La Grande. At Mount Emily the Forest Service has sur-
veyed and set aside several lots for summer-home sites which may be leased for
$5 a year.

Mineral springs are few. There is one, a warm sulphur spring, known as
Wenaha Springs or Bingham Springs, which is visited by thousands each
season. A summer resort is located there. This resort is on the Umatilla
River, which furnishes first-class fishing. The springs are 30 miles east of
Pendleton, Oreg. The nearest railroad station is Gibbon, Oreg., 22 miles east
of Pendleton. A stage, connecting with all trains, runs during the open season

from June to September.

Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon Fifts-

The Toll Gate, on the main divide, 30 miles southeast of Walla Walla, is a
noted summer resort, with an elevation of nearly 5,000 feet. There is a hotel and
adjoining camping grounds. ‘This resort is visited by hundreds of people each
summer during July and August. The surrounding country affords good grouse
hunting and huckleberry picking.

The supervisor’s headquarters is at Walla Walla, Wash., and district range:s
in Oregon are located at the Duncan, Corporation, Fry Meadows, Bear Creek, and
Dry Gulch ranger stations. In Washington the district rangers are located at

Dayton, and at the Tucannon and Mount Misery ranger stations.

WHITMAN NATIONAL FOREST

HE Whitman National Forest comprises an area of 882,496 acres of public

land, situated in the heart of the Blue Mountains of eastern Oregon. The

Forest contains several regions ideal for summer and fall outings. Perhaps

the best known and most popular of these is the Anthony Lake region. The

North Powder River and its tributaries originate in a series of lakes near the

summit of the main divide of the Blue Mountains. Grande Ronde, Mud, Black,

Anthony, Van Patten, and Crawfish Lakes are all within a short distance of

each other; in fact, a person could almost make the rounds of them in a day.

Fishing is good; and local rod and gun clubs, the State, and the Forest Service

are working in cooperation to make it better by planting more fry each year.
Crawfish Lake is stocked with eastern brook and rainbow trout.

The lakes are at an elevation of about 7,000 feet. On their shores are beau-
tiful mountain meadows, which furnish excellent horse feed. Attractive camping
places with convenient wood and water are being prepared. Back of the lakes,
the peaks rise abruptly in picturesque grandeur. On the summit of one of them
is a Forest Service fire-lookout station. The view from this station is well worth
the effort of the climb, and the lookout man, who is familiar with the country, is
always ready to answer questions. ‘The lakes may be reached by pack horse over
good Forest Service trails from North Powder or Sumpter. In either case the trip
consumes about one day. Pack outfits can usually be obtained at either town by
notifying the local liverymen in advance. Recently, a passable road has been
opened into this region, but it is not an automobile road and is not recommended

to those who are unfamiliar with mountain driving.

Fifty Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon

The Trout Meadows region is another popular place for fishing and hunting,
and is reached by passable wagon roads from Pendleton, La Grande, and Sumpter.
Trout Creek meanders through a series of large meadows, flowing in and out of
many deep pools which abound in trout. There is excellent deer hunting in the
vicinity in the fall, and occasionally one is rewarded with the sight of a small herd
of elk. There are many fine camping places, with good water and convenient
horse feed.

Baldy Lake and Olive Lake offer excellent fishing and fair bird and deer
hunting. Both are high mountain lakes. Baldy Lake may be reached from
Sumpter by wagon to Cable Cove, 12 miles, then by pack horse 3 miles. Olive
Lake may be reached by wagon from Sumpter, 25 miles, or from Dale, over the
new road constructed by the Forest Service, 27 miles. |

The North Fork of John Day River, Desolation Creek, and the Middle Fork of
John Day afford fine camping places and fair fishing and bird and deer hunting in
season. All these streams are readily accessible and much visited.

These are only a few of the best known camping places on the Forest. Many
small streams nearer the towns offer fair fishing and beautiful camping places, and
they are much enjoyed by those who can spare neither the time nor expense for
longer and more difficult trips. Elkhorn Ridge, which forms the eastern backbone
of the Forest, rises to an elevation of over 9,000 feet and is extremely rugged.
Many beautiful views may be obtained from its peaks; and small mountain lakes
are found in unexpected places, many of them well stocked with fine trout. |

The supervisor’s headquarters is at Baker, and district rangers are located at
North Powder, Austin, and Unity, and at the Boundary Creek, Dale, and Susan-

ville ranger stations.

Eo WoeANIPERS CAN HELP PROTECT THE FOREST

ACH year campers render a service of inestimable value in extinguishing
small fires before they have a chance to spread, in reporting fires which
they have discovered but can not control, and in volunteering to fight the

larger fires. They can render a still greater service if each camper will, himself,

exercise great caution in the location, building, and extinguishing of camp fires,
and if those who smoke will carefully extinguish stubs and matches. At present

over one-third of the total number of fires on the National Forests originate from

Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon Fifty

Four

the inexperience or carelessness of campers. Strict observance of the following
rules will save to the community annually an asset of over a million and a half

dollars.
BASIC RULES FOR PREVENTING FOREST FIRES

1. MATCHES.—Be sure your match is out. Put it in your pocket or break it in two before
throwing it away. Make this a habit.

2. ToBacco.—Throw pipe ashes and cigar or cigarette stubs in the dust of the road, and stamp
or pinch out the fire before leaving them. Do not throw them into brush, leaves, or needles.

3. LOCATION OF CAMP.—Select a spot as free as possible from inflammable material, sheltered
from the wind, and near accessible water.

4. CAMP FIRES.—Never build a camp fire against a tree or log, in leaf mold, or in rotten wood.
Build all fires away from overhanging branches and on a dirt or rock foundation. Dig out all
rotten wood or leaf mold from the fire pit, and scrape away all inflammable material within a radius
of from 3 to sfeet. Makesure the fire can not spread on or under the ground or up the moss or bark
of a tree while you are in camp, and that it is going to be easy to extinguish when you are ready
to leave.

5. LEAVING cAmp.—Never leave a camp fire, even for a short time, without completely extin-
guishing every spark with water or fresh dirt free from moss and leaf mold. Do not throw charred
cross logs to one side where a smoldering spark might catch. It is well to soak thoroughly all
embers and charred pieces of wood and then cover them with dirt. Feel around the outer edge
of the fire pit to make sure no fire is smoldering in charred roots or leaf mold. (Hundreds of
fires escape each year after campers have thought they were extinguished.)

6. TRY TO PUT OUT ANY FIRE THAT YOU FIND.—If you can not put it out, get word to the near-
est Forest officer as quickly as possible Every minute saved in reaching the fire is of the most
vital importance.

7. HELP ENFORCE THE FIRE LAWS; they were made to protect your interests.

OUTFIT AND CLOTHING

Suit—preferably of some strong material, such as khaki, whipcord, or overall.

Mackinaw or sweater.

Underwear—medium weight.

Socks—two pairs medium weight or one pair heavy.

Shirt—flannel or khaki, light or medium weight.

Shoes—stout, easy, with heavy soles.

Boots.

Leggings—canvas or leather if shoes are worn instead of boots.

Gloves—buckskin.

Beds—air beds are comfortable where they can be carried, since they can be placed even on
bare rocks. ;

Bedding—the most serviceable is a quilt of eiderdown or wool with an extra covering of denim.
The quilt can be sewed or pinned with blanket pins along the bottom to form a sleeping bag.
If blankets are chosen, it should be borne in mind that two light ones are warmer than a single
heavy one.

A 7 by 7 foot, 1o-ounce canvas, when folded, will make a ground cloth and an extra cover
and is also useful as a pack cover.

Fifty-

Five

Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon

FOOD SUPPLIES

The following list prepared in the Forest Service may be used as a guide in

purchasing food supplies.
amounts for a party for any length of time can easily be computed.

The weights listed are for one man for one day.

All weights are net, 1. e., weight of contents exclusive of containers:

CoMBINATION Ration List—One Man One Day.

‘The

Balanced ration, one man
one day.

Beef, fresh

eeeeee ses soe

WICESS ee sass Halen e

BE CANS oaks e.si, ate aes

Botte ee. no. ee

Baking powder...

Watethiealincc. gach

Cm OP Oa 5 ONO

Quantity.

Weight
in
peunds.

Equivalent substitutes.

see ee woe

eee ee ew we

ivemia’ («ley elle cele.

Mutton or pork, fresh, or venison... .

BACON = ee es ec cen

is lS

Ereshetish=. cleaned awe. =... no eae
CHEESE: beer me tne ae yaar oo sat neore a dtae
Peanuts (with shells)
Meat, fresh

Sweetichocolatess.. 00). ae aoe

-O

Dirtedipeas lentils nete- ere eee
RICe OT hOminyees aati rete he

'Y)

Bakedsbeans, canned). 2:2
Breadeaba keh sue wis Sern ts
Rarreakenlouine tenet ccs. hee
Herditackiorpllotibreadm. 9 sat |
CrackersWyae ee s SR nee ae |
Cornel eal ety iy ek Mes ie he sal: |
Macaroninspacmett eles =...) - “|
Dryavease (on yeastibread!) 2.9... ..-
Se ie (forisourdough)s..5..2....02..-

ee of wheat, corn meal, etc
hols

Grape nuts, corn flakes, etc

Dried beans, lentils, peas, etc

Re potatoes (evaporated)
.8

RG C@l On MOM ae Go csi +

Quantity.

Weight
in

pounds.

Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon Fils:

CoMBINATION Ration List—One Man One Day—Continued.

= Ease acbaias Pies | Quantity. boris Equivalent substitutes. Nets bi i:
pounds. | | pounds.
Fresh vegetables (as- | |), Cannedepeusion- Cornice «4 e.5 ae 14 can. | 0. 31
See on Os ae ee | Cansied tomatoes. oats eter oe yy can. | -47
turnips, beets, cab- | Dried or desiccated vegetables. ...... fn See ay
bage, etc.). ee (added to staple allowance). BE . 40
Dried apples. che. ke eee 1 a yo as
Raisins Of Cariasis.- cca sno a oa eee | Bp
Beeresdried)..c.220. lcs es fae ene ES figs, or apricots... ... bee Fae
| PCAC EE eo oes once rs ee % can. - 65
Jato laa eneciew ote aes 2 eee ee eee 22
Bréshfrnmt. eo Ne eee see eee fost cee ate
LQAEE ethos her se eee A Pe Renee 14 OZ - 03
ieee (prOund).5.3.2.|.:.2.02-|) .23- 4) Chocolate or coceal.2¢ 2.25 eee Soe . 08
LeImOnS! oi oie oe Gece Gee eee 14 doz . 65
Saeare (if no dried’ |... :...2:. 285 ete n ahd fore Wee Re aca ee Oe Ce eee ee
fruit is used, allow- |
ance may be re- |
duced to 0.2 |
pound). |
W MOlaSSeS ee ante aioe orien reer mee | 75: Pt... peo
BR. igs tes oc ~'s iz pt. |) 368 Honeys we. Sa. esa a eee ea ee |- sas
[| Stigar (white or browil)) 2s 0. as ee ore 05
meiei(esaporsted)... | he a - bee milk. pee ee | 2% pt.. . 66
|| pt. Condensed mile ere eee pt:4|
| Peanut bitten: -. 638 on ee ce eee are. Be:
7° Sto eee | Ss eae feat aoe ESR a Oy hy OE Ah Sy PO eed canes: aD
Lard:substitutes: 2282) pi oe ao a eee | a °)
oe Tilly 2S SS a a oe 10 |; Bacon grease (can be saved if bacon |........ | 10
is substituted for fresh meat). |
S20). p eee 24 OZ OAT oe me x SR Sal) SERA cg wh EEE ea ee Ree en
Pepper, black.........| 7, oz. | . 004 | Red PEPPEE. be Alia Nts eee | $u 0Z..| . 0073
Jo Se eee Se pts sh. Sees i) Wane wns ee eee = ene as pt. 04
eee SN ath Ns Soe oe te ae ee IS arene gs OZ.. . 003
eh ciitiamon)* | 4625 eee | IN etitmeg: Sec eee eee as ee ps OZ 003
GlOvesen<i ck pe ON Sie coh are ree gs OZ.. . 003
eer NER St GOON ee AP AT CUS ae LA gs OZ.. . 003

1 Suggestive rather than essential; their use may be governed largely by individual taste, size of party, and duration
of trip.

|

Fifty Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon

ComBINATION Ration List—Onr Man One Day—Continued.

sence aoe eae | Quantity.| = ce | Equivalent substitutes. Quantity. eee
pounds. | pounds.
ees 2 a

Hlavorinwextract (va- |O:03 O74) 10: 002) l- Wemonmy seas palo. soe ie he eee See 0.03 0Z.| 0.002
nilla).?

SOUNSCAnCM mise aaa Seles sister 2s oO. 2 WRATH OCA Cr ate Mefeperels a0 oteya eueia See aie. Sore [see Pars Be . 02

Erbswurst (can be
substituted for 0.25 | MAG ANSOUS > cess ates. Se he ae steh eaeee 4 pkg. 05
pound fresh vege- vauciee ee Nea aa SOUPS Heenan ea ceeleratere. aces can. 25
tables.) |

Total weight, 5.223.

1Suggestive rather than essential; their use may be governed largely by individual taste, size of party, and duration
of trip.

2 A much lighter ration can be made up by substituting the more concentrated foods within each class. As a rule,
rations made up entirely of the most concentrated fcods should be avoided.

Suggested accessories are soap, dish towels, hand towels, matches, candles, paper bags for lunches, and cloth bags for
sugar, rice, beans, etc.

The following table has been prepared by the Forest Service and will serve
as a handy reference and guide for campers. The needs of two, four, six, or eight
persons are separately provided for: 3

Column A indicates a complete equipment, all that would be considered neces-
sary and convenient for a stay of a month or more; or in case transportation is
not restricted as to weight.

Column B indicates an average equipment which will serve the purpose very
handily for a week or 10 days; and will do for a longer stay. It is suitable for a pack-
horse trip.

Column C indicates a minimum equipment, one that is really insufficient to
meet the ordinary needs of a camping party, but which will suffice for a short stay
and very simple cooking. It is such an outfit as a party of practical woodsmen
might take and get along with, in case the packing facilities were very limited as

to weight, such as a man-pack trip.

Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon aie
Cooxinc anv Mess EguiepMeNT FOR VARIOUS-SIZED Camps UNpER VARYING CoNDITIONS.
; For 2 men. For 4 men. For 6 men. For § men.
a Col. | Col. | Col. | Col. | Col. | Col. | Col. | Col. | Col. | Col. | Col. | Col.
EN5 || 1835 |; © UN Wed 835 | CSn | Nee ||) DBE i (Ss | Naf) 28% 4) Ss
CooKING EQUIPMENT.

Cooking pails:!

A CUB ioo acces 65 sc udwo'cous 2d Dees S800 E595 xl] 005 2S crane operceel (aut el Kae Sol see aiennl s\n o> aljoo cio 5 ><

BOWE eeloeno ona govea UB odo eom yous I I MNS Bo ollé ca Le Penney ie isl ees Oe n oll ab islls ws

AGMA oo adon Dec dn codyooo oad o DOE 2 I I I I IE lo ses oll. 5 oe 1a Fdemete| le n= 35 o>

GiGWENte sod oooomacoy DS odepoe yao beds 5 I I I I I I I sO Ieee (Sales. 3

6 quart I I I I I ul I I I I

“) OWENS sed sooo odo OK POA dO Colo go Ae i llob\o.olleis ox I I I I

SkGitahtr ss sete sc curt eee yates I I I I I I

Oy CE tele MaNooeaoon Sooo deb ade coma scnl|doo Sic doa|c oud|looo clos llasuclaca cies a I I

1) CPUI EGF 5b dolspor sudo dank wood ah & IE Negeri ois le, I I I I I

WAL GPITS no do node nods 6 Sons .cGomad Aad aSnollocaollc 56 Olfaecloife a6 oljc0 alo oo alloc: I I I

WAGE bins ag ongo ono ooo seu doe peo ojo Sie rarer ley eee) Keres Tee Roe tlh eect 1: | ete ee
Frying pan? No. 2 (g-inch diameter)...... BW No ee Ve ee eel ate el lost tel | nae tated gee | ee
biyang pane No.5 (11-inch! diameter) ~ 52) ase lbe aller ail) 2h eZines eel eect | ete een | ee
Frying pan? No. 6 (12-inch diameter)..... Bee oe oon oiler alloc. 242. kay |) nel eee
Frying pan? No. 7 (13-inch diameter)..... EROS sf. fas vals cate IR ella eee cee Byline 2
Extra fry pan, reflector, Dutch oven, or

SLOVE Re seit aie octet Sue ec dae eae aK Toe) ua Ta aie eo | eed I
Rotteerpot,s 22 quarts 7.15 nes eee 9: [Bit te ees a erences Ie Pec or cliacc elec roils alls en
Catiee pot;*)3 quarts:~ 3: 260 sae te te edd ecto aoe in. ol Tsar Slope OE, S10 dee ee ;
Satlee pot, 15 Quartse is see seein as iaet lle lell ae ovalt eee oe) eeu Eee E | on) |) oso eee eee
Ronee pot, GO, GUWartS 30h oe eae, 5 Se SIRS aT eee ae ened Pe eee | ee ate na |
BIREMEKTMIVeS®. 222.) 28). wantenaenye sae eer 1 ag 1.) Ea ae 32) |) eel ae eae es I
eae Katlivies?e. 405A. ss thclt aeusearor oy taint Li jl Me asl OY es gee Soe theese hs ie I
PGE ISPOONNS 2622! ya, cig et tiee ect sier This Tes) Ye A ee lie “anit ear. 2 ede I
WGA JC) Ae ean Amr as Seana an alls Aellasaalledo c vel iets kas aoe ee lace Ti eear
SAMMODENEH 2) nave Were tn oe eer noer eee ee) Ti | tay) ane yas al eae | ete lee I
Dish pan (use milk pans for small parties).| 1 |....|.... DAs Sees Ll Pledge I

1It is desirable to have pails cf nesting sizes.
mended fer cooking fruits.

At least one medium-sized pail of enamel or aluminum ware is rec-

Stew kettles with bails may be substituted for pails, but usually do not nest as conveniently.

2 Frying pans with detachable handles are more convenient for packing.

3 The choice of an extra fry pan, reflector, Dutch oven, or stove for baking can best be made by the camper. If reflec
tor or stove is to be used, bread pans of proper dimensions must be added to the list.

4 Pails of similar size are frequently a desirable substitute, as they will usually nest better with the rest of the outfit.

5 A jack knife may cover all needs.

Fifty Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon

ine

Cooxinc anp Mess EquipMeNT For Various Size Camrs Unper Varyinc Conpitions—Continued.

Forzmen. | For4 men. For 6 men. For 8 men.

es cot. | Cot. | Cot. | Cot. | Cot, | cot. | cot. | Cot. | Cot. | cot. | cet Col.
Seka [l3Big || (E Jos jh VB We LOBy I ANG be DBs |Get Nes ash 1 (Ce
CooKING EQUIPMENT—Continued.
WV AS MUNI ASKI Ben ere huey cmon arena twain te, Seo] GE HE a S|] see bh hae lean gen pel Cea fal I
VISIT TT NP AUN casey ct <cnisl Sts Se ge Shak Se wie eats Deh Teiiey.c see ace of be an TR ool a tf do Gla A al
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1 A pudding pan is a possible substitute and nests better.

2 Canvas tacked onto box siding or shakes makes a fair substitute and may save from 6 to 8 pounds in weight.

3 A pint or quart bottle makes an excellent substitute.

4 Weights figured cn basis of using ‘‘extra fry pan”’ instead of reflector or stove and using moderately heavy tin for all
containers except one medium-sized pail and from one to three pans in enamel ware. ‘Total weight would be increased
| abcut one-fourth by using all enamel ware; by using aluminum, it may be decreased about one-third.

Accessories which may be added are: Wire, or light chains with hooks for hanging pots; oilcloth for table; 1 canvas
water bucket (weight 34 to 1 pound).

Miscellaneous camp equipment to be selected according to needs: Shovel, ax or hatchet, assorted nails, lantern, can-
teens, 6-inch files, whetstone, trope, twine. :

Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon Sixty

CAMP COOKERY
COOKING FIRE FOR A SMALL CAMP!

There are many ways of building the cooking fire. The essential in each case,
however, is a good permanent draft; but do not build the fire against a log ora tree
or in a place where it may spread. The draft may be secured best by the method
usually employed in sheep camps. The site is chosen and an excavation is made,
the soil being removed to a depth of 12 inches, or approximately the depth of the
shovel. The hole thus made should be at least 3 or 4 feet in width. The side
exposed to the prevailing wind is then shoveled away, allowing the free entrance
of air. This opening is the front of the cooking fire. The air going in passes
along the side walls to the rear and thence upward, thus perfecting the draft.
Select two green poles of sufficient length to extend over the ends of the hole (4 to
6 inches in diameter), one to serve as a back log, the other as a front log. Lay
the poles over the hole, spacing them the proper distance to support a camp kettle,
frying pan, or coffee pot. Kindle the fire beneath and proceed with the cooking.
The poles can be replaced from day to day as they burn away.

When cooking frying-pan bread by reflected heat, usually a dry front pole is
preferred to a green one, because the drier pole, being somewhat charred, com-
bines with the hot coals beneath to produce a greater amount of reflected heat.

Be sure to clear away all dead twigs, leaves, or other combustible material for

a distance of 6 feet to the fresh mineral soil.

CRANE FOR CAMP KETTLE

In constructing a crane for camp kettles the height of the pole should be ap-
proximately shoulder high. The kettles should be suspended by pothooks made
from small, tough saplings, trimmed to leave a projecting fork to suspend the
kettle from the crane, and having at the other end a notch cut or small nail driven
in at an angle to hold the kettle bail. No. 9 wire is also good for the purpose.
The hook may then be grasped at a sufficient height above the fire to prevent burn-
ing the hands. » By having pothooks of different lengths the desired intensity of

heat can be secured by regulating the distance of the pot from the fire.

1 A portion of the suggestions on cooking and cf the recipes is taken from Bulletin 76, ‘‘Camp Cookery,’’ cf the
Oregon Agricultural College.

Sixty- Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon

DUTCH OVENS

In using Dutch ovens, care should be taken that the oven and lid are quite hot
enough before the dough is placed in them for baking. During the preparations
for baking, the oven and lid should be heated over the fire. When a good mass
of coals has been obtained, the dough should be placed in the heated oven (the
bottom having been greased) and the lid put on. The oven should then be em-
bedded in the coals and the lid covered with coals and hot ashes.

Instead of a Dutch oven two pans may be used, one large enough to fit snugly
over the other as a cover. Plenty of ashes and earth should be piled on top or the

bread will burn.
RECIPES

CoFFEE.—Bring water to boiling point; add coffee, keep in a warm place for
five minutes but do not allow to boil. Settle and serve. The coffee may be put
in a small muslin bag tied loosely and the bag of grounds removed before serving.

SOLUBLE COFFEE.—Put 1% teaspoon (more or less, according to strength
desired) in a cup and add boiling water.

ARMY BREAD.— ;

1 quart flour. 1 tablespoon sugar.
1 teaspoon salt. 4 teaspoons baking powder.

Mix the ingredients thoroughly and stir in enough cold water (about one and
one-third pints) to make a thick batter. Mix rapidly with a spoon until smooth
and pour out at once into a Dutch oven or baking pan. Bake about 45 minutes,
~ or until no dough adheres to a sliver stuck into the loaf.

FRYING-PAN BREAD.—

1 cup flour. 1 tablespoon sugar.
1 teaspoon salt. 3 teaspoons baking powder.

Mix and add enough water to make a thick dough. Pour into well-grease ,
hot pan and set flat near the fire. In a few minutes it will rise and stiffen. Prop
the pan nearly perpendicular before the blaze; when brown on one side, turn over.
A clean silver fork stuck through the center of the loaf will come out clean if the
bread is sufficiently baked.

FRYING.—Rake a thin layer of coals out in front of the fire; or for a quick meal
make the fire of small, dry sticks and fry over the quickly formed coals.

If a deep pan and plenty of frying fat are available, it is best to immerse the

material completely in boiling grease, as doughnuts are fried. Let the fat heat until

Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon | Stxty-

little jets of smoke arise (being careful not to burn the grease), then quickly drop in
small pieces of the material, one at a time so as not to check the heat, turn them
occasionally while cooking. Remove when done and place on a coarse paper that

will absorb surplus fat. The above method is an excellent way to cook small fish.

When only shallow pans and little grease are available, to fry (or, properly, to
sauté) in this manner without getting the article grease-cooked, heat the dry pan
very hot and then add just enough grease to keep the meat from sticking (fat meat
needs none). The material should be dry when put into the pan or it will absorb
grease. Cook quickly and turn frequently. Season when done and serve hot.

STEWING.—Stewing is a very desirable way of cooking coarse and tough pieces
of meat. Put the meat cut into small cubes into a hot frying pan. Let it brown,
add a small quantity of sugar, if desired, and sliced onions. Cook until the onions
are tender, then pour the contents of the frying pan into the stew pan, and add
enough boiling water to cover the meat and let it simmer gently for two or three
hours. Flavor with salt, pepper, herbs, or curry powder. This dish may be
thickened with browned flour, and vegetables may be added—turnips, carrots,
etc., cut into small pieces and browned with the meat.

BoILED RicE.—Wash the rice well and sprinkle into a kettle of salted water,
boiling hard all the time. After 30 or 40 minutes pour off the water and place the
kettle near the fire so that the grains may dry and swell.

CANNED Goops.—Before using canned goods see that the ends of the cans are
sunk in. If the ends are swelled or bulgy it usually means fermented contents and
spoiled goods. After a can has been opened pour contents immediately into
enamel-ware dish. Never leave food in the original cans.

DRIED OR EVAPORATED FRuIT.—Wash and pick over the fruit, soak over night
in the water (cold) it is to be cooked in, using only enough water to cover the fruit.
Simmer from 2 to 3 hours; sweeten before removing from fire. Do not use an iron
vessel, or permit the fruit to boil hard. Keep closely covered.

ERBSWURST.—To one tablespoon of the powdered peas, bacon, etc., add one
cup of cold water. Cook until a thickened soup is formed. This soup may be had
in the form of sausage covered with paraffin paper, weighing a quarter of a pound or
ahalf pound. Four kinds are made, so that there is a variety; pea, bean, lentil, and
turtle. One brand of soup sausage, weighing 4 ounces, sells for about 10 cents and
will make from four to six meals. The Army emergency ration costs 35 to 40 cents

each.

Sixty Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon

DISPOSAL OF REFUSE

Burn all cooking refuse in the camp fire; it will not affect the cooking. Burn
everything—coffee grounds, parings, bones, meat, even old tin cans—for if thrown
out anywhere, even buried, they will attract flies. Refuse once burned will not
attract flies.

If burning is impracticable, dig a hole for the refuse, leaving the earth piled up

on the edge, and cover every addition with a layer of dirt.

PACKING

The pack saddle is firmly cinched; the portions of the outfit are carefully sus-
pended upon it; and the whole is secured by a rope with a single hitch, which is so
tied as to bind the load to the animal. The usual pack saddle is of the sawbuck type
as shown in the illustrations on page sixty-four. Care should be taken in saddling

the animal. Too many blankets are as bad as not enough, for either causes a sore

back. The blanket should be rinsed out in cold water and hung up to dry without

wringing. If driedin this manner and carefully folded, it can be kept from wrinkling

without much difficulty. The horse’s withers should be noted after the saddle is

_ cinched; and if the forks of the saddle are not free, more blankets should be used on

| the side of the horse under the bottom of the saddle. A single-cinch saddle with

breeching and breast straps is preferred, although double-cinch saddles are used.

| The saddle should be kept tightly in place and evenly balanced.

In figure 10 are shown two canvas pads with leather corners, filled with grass,

| and cross ribs to support the canvas. Figure 9 shows the underside of this pad and

| the leather-bound holes in the center for placing over the horns of the saddle.

| Figure 8 shows the outside of this pad with hardwood rib on each side. If a little
care is taken in placing fresh hay in these pads from time to time, sore ribs on pack
| animals may be done away with. The pads make an excellent protection for the
horse in packing supplies in boxes, etc. Bear or elk grass is preferred for filling.

The rope as shown in figure 10 is known as the sling rope and is only to be used

where alforjas are not available. Figure 11 shows the sawbuck pack saddle rigged

| with these sling ropes without the canvas pads. Figure 12 shows how sucha sling

should be tied. Two half hitches are taken in the middle of the sling rope and

| dropped over the front crosstree. The ends are then looped over the rear cross-
tree to form the slings from which the packs are hung. The sling is adjusted to the

Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon

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Sixty Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon

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Figures illustrating details of the diamond hitch.

Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon ae

proper position, and when both side packs have been slung the ends of the sling rope
are tied together across the center of the saddle.

Too much care can not be used in arranging the pack before loading it on the
animal. The side packs should be as evenly balanced as possible, either in alforjas_
or boxes. ‘They should hang well down on the sides and not up on the back of the
pack animal. Light stuff, such as bedding, camping utensils, etc., may be placed on
top, but be sure that the bulk of the load is well down on the side, as this has a ten-
dency to give the animal more perfect control of the load in making a quick move,
such as jumping logs or ravines. If the load is all on top, the animal, no matter how
quiet and careful, is bound to hurt its back from the free pivot swing of the saddle
and load.

The original diamond hitch, as shown in figure 7, on page sixty-five, may be
thrown by one or two persons. When loosened and taken from the horse there are
no knots or tangles to be taken out of the rope. The load may be tightened in a few
seconds when one has had a little practice. Figure 1 shows the first move to be
made with the rope. If one person is packing, he should stand on the off side of
the horse to start. If there are two persons, the one on the near side is the one
to start the operation. Figure 2 shows the position of the rope after it has been
hooked. Figure 3 shows the position of the rope after it is placed under the corner
of the alforja or pocket. Figure 4 shows how it looks on both sides. Figure 5
shows the rope as tightened, while figure 6 shows the rope tightened and made fast.

FISH AND GAME PROTECTION

The heavily timbered areas of Oregon are the natural game sanctuaries of the
State. These areas are largely within the National Forests, and are subject to the
protection which goes with true forest conservation, which insures to the sportsman
and the public in general not only good hunting grounds but a permanent supply
of wild game. ‘The fish and game laws applying in the National Forests are those
enacted by the Oregon State Legislature. Every hunter and fisherman should
familiarize himself with these laws, a copy of which will be furnished by the State
game warden at Portland.

Game and fish protective work is one of the regular official duties of all
forest officers, who are ex-officio State game wardens.

Seven

Sixly- Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon

A new regulation has recently been approved by the Secretary of Agriculture,
which provides:

“The going or being upon any land of the United States, or in or on the waters
thereof, within a National Forest, with intent to hunt, catch, trap, willfully disturb
or kill any kind of game animal, game or nongame bird or fish, or to take the
eggs of any such bird, in violation of the laws of the State in which such land or
waters are situated is hereby prohibited.”

There is effective cooperation in the administration of the Oregon game laws.
An agreement is in effect between the Fish and Game Commission, the Oregon State
Board of Forestry, and the Federal Forest Service for the purpose of coordinating
these departments in the protection of game, fish, birds, and forests. The Federal
Forest Service, by reason of its organization and distribution of officers and men
and their familiarity with mountain regions and forest streams throughout the State,
has assumed full charge and expense of the distribution of fish from railroad points
within territory adjacent to and administered by the Forest Service. Annual re-
ports are to be filed showing the results of such stocking of lakes and streams.

Under the terms of this agreement it is the duty of all forest officers of the State
and Federal Forest Service to cooperate in game protection, and by personal action
and attitude assist in creating public sentiment for enforcement of the laws for the
protection of game, and under the new regulation it is now the duty of all forest
officers to prosecute vigorously in the Federal courts all game violations which occur
on National Forest lands.

It is the duty of all officers of the State Fish and Game Department to extin-
guish any small fires they may discover, both inside and outside the National Forests
throughout the State. All fires discovered by them, whether they extinguish them
or not, are to be reported at once to the nearest United States Forest officer, if on or
contiguous to National Forests, or to the nearest fire warden if outside National
Forests.

PAN DEING KLEE D DEER

There are several ways of carrying a deer after killing. The following method
is one used by a great many experienced hunters: After removing entrails, cut the
_ skin around the legs close to the hoofs below the dewclaws, then split the skin of
the leg to above the knee joint. Cut legs off at knee joint and skin out, then tie

skin of legs together by tying skin of right foreleg to skin of left hind leg and vice

Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon ee

versa. Then place the deer on a log or upper hillside, run arms through loops
formed by tying legs, get them well up on the shoulders and rise. The deer will then
hang crosswise on the back. The pack can be regulated for comfort by lengthening
or shortening the leg ties.

For packing one deer on a horse the following will be found very simple: Take
a small rope, place double half hitch over horn of saddle, belly down (and it is best
to turn the legs slightly to the rear) and let the weight rest just back of the forelegs.
Take a half hitch around flank with hitch underneath, then pass rope through cinch
ring. Repeat on opposite side, putting hitch just back of forelegs. Balance the
deer in saddle, tighten the ropes, and fasten them. The head and horns can be
twisted around and tied to the horn cf the saddle.

To skin a deer, swing it clear of the ground by the hind feet and then skin down.
By this means the hide can be nearly pulled from the carcass after it has been
started with a knife here and there, and the meat kept clean. To preserve the hide,
stretch it over a log, a tree, or on the side of a building, flesh side out, until it is
thoroughly dried, then it will keep and is easily packed.

If it is desired to preserve the head for mounting, the following simple method
is satisfactory. Never cut the animal’s throat if you wish to mount the head. If .
it is desired to bleed him, stick a knife in the breast at the base of the neck. To
remove the skin from the head and neck, first slit the skin from one horn to the other
and carry the cut around the base of each horn. Then from the middle of the cross
cut, carry a cut down the middle line of back of neck. The hide can then be removed
from the head. Use common table salt to preserve the scalp. Lay the skin flesh
side up and rub plenty cf salt into all parts cf it. Be careful to put plenty behind
the ear cartilages and around the nose.

One of the hardest problems which confront the hunter after killing his deer is
taking care cf the meat, especially in hot weather when the flies are bad. Itisa
good idea to take two or three sacks along made from house lining or cheesecloth.
These sacks should be made about 6 feet long by 2 feet wide. The hunter can
carry one of these bags along when hunting. If a deer is killed, remove the entrails,
hang it up so it will drain, and slip the bag over it; fasten it so flies can not get in.
A deer can be left hanging in this manner and brought to camp cn a horse later.
The same method should be adopted after the deer has been skinnedincamp. Late
in the season when the nights are cool, by keeping flies off in this manner, a deer

can be kept fresh for several days, and in some cases for a week cr two.

Sixty Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon

Nearly every hunter has his own ideas about making “jerky.’’ The meat
should be cut into strips from 2 to 3 inches thick and dipped in boiling hot brine.
Build a rack with long sticks (wire screen is better), smoke with green maple or
other hardwood until the meat is seared over so flies will not bother. After this,
it is best to dry it in the sun as much as possible. When smoking, do not allow
the fire to blaze or the meat will be cooked instead of jerked.

CODE OF LOST AND DISTRESS SIGNALS

When a man is lost or injured and needs help, a signal by shooting should be
given. The lost and injured signal is the firing of a gun three times, with an in-
terval of 10 seconds between, and one single shot 60 seconds later. If no answer is
received, this signal should be repeated after an intermission of 5 minutes. The
answer to this signal will be one single shot from the rescuing party, followed by
a recognition shot from the lost man.

Care should be taken to get the time between shots as accurate as possible. In
the absence of a watch the time can be very accurately judged by counting 10 be-
tween the first and second shots and 60 between the second and third shots.
Hunters should keep in mind this signal and, if possible, avoid giving it when
shooting at game.

The person who is lost should, after hearing an answer to his signal, remain at
the place where he gave the signal until the rescuing party arrives; otherwise he
may take the opposite direction and not be found at all.

To prepare for an emergency, every hunter or fisherman should carry in his
pocket a piece of candle and matches in a water-tight match safe, so that, in case he
should get lost or injured, he can readily start a camp fire.

ACCIDENTS

Preliminary treatment is described for the following more common accidents:

DROWNING.—Remove clothing from upper pait of body. Lay patient face
down and empty lungs of water by lifting the body by the middle. Then place the
patient on his back. Put your finger well back in his throat and clear out mud,
leaves, etc. Pull and hold tongue forward with dry handkerchief. To induce
artificial respiration kneel at the patient’s head and grasp arms below the elbow.
Alternately raise both arms upward and backward over the head, making the

a

SSS SS

Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon Seventy

elbows almost touch the ground; then bring them down again, pressing them against
the sides and front of chest. Repeat about 15 times a minute, and continue for
at least an hour and a half. As soon as natural breathing begins, give stimulants
and warm drinks by teaspoonfuls.

Wounps.—Reduce the flow of blood by applying cold water, snow, ice, or
poultice; also by elevation of the part injured. If an artery is cut so that the
blood spurts in jets, stop flow of blood by pressing against bone or muscle. If
injury is to limb, tie band tightly around it near the wound and between the wound
and the heart. .

SUNSTROKE.—Get patient in shade at once. Lay him on his back and apply
cold water to head and neck. Do everything possible to reduce temperature of
body and rapidity of pulse.

Map Doc or SNAKE BitTE.—Apply a tourniquet between the wound and
heart, loosening it from time to time. Suck wound but be sure you have no open
cuts or sores on lips or mouth. In snake bite a heart stimulant should be adminis-
tered. A good treatment consists of hypodermic injections of potassium perman-
ganate near the puncture; also give strychnine hypodermically or in tablets to keep
up heart action. |

PTOMAINE POISONING.—Ptomaines are a common source of poisoning and most
frequently occur in canned meats, fish, etc. An effort must be made at once to
empty the stomach by vomiting, which may be induced by tickling the throat
with feather or finger, or drinking warm water with mustard. Laxatives, such as
Epsom or Rochelle salts or castor oil, should be given freely. Stimulants should
be given and heat and rubbing applied after the elimination of the poison.

ADMINISTRATION OF THE NATIONAL FORESTS

Simplicity is the principal characteristic of the Forest Service organization.
No red tape is allowed to interfere with the efficiency of the men in the field. Each
National Forest is in direct charge of a forest supervisor, with headquarters in a
town conveniently near the Forest, and is divided into ranger districts each in charge
of a forest ranger. A large part of the business of the Forest can be carried on
with the rangers, and most of the rest with the forest supervisors. The larger
questions of policy and administration are referred to the district forester.

|

Seventy Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon

ne

The timber that is mature and ready for cutting is offered for sale to the highest
bidder. When a sale is made, the trees to be cut are marked by a forest officer,
provision being made for the preservation of the young growth and the perpetuation
of the Forest. The purchaser of National Forest timber is required to dispose
of the logging slash in such a way as to prevent its becoming a fire menace.

As the result of great forest fires there are here and there on the National
Forests large burns which are completely deforested and which can be reclaimed
only by the artificial planting or sowing of small trees. Such areas the Forest Service

is reclaiming by planting young trees grown in the Service nurseries. About

1,500,000 small trees are planted annually in the National Forests of Oregon.

On most of the National Forests there are areas suitable for the grazing of sheep
orcattle. These are allotted to the sheep and cattle men for a regular fee of so much
per head of stock. Settlers who live within or near a Forest are allowed to graze
a small number of domestic stock free of charge. Care is taken to see that each
settler and stockman gets his fair allotment of range, and that the range is not
overgrazed and spoiled for the next grazing season.

The greatest menace to the forest is fire, and the Federal Government spends
annually on the National Forests of Oregon about $60,000 for patrol work and from
$5,000 to $80,000 for actual fire fighting. On each of the Forests in Oregon there
are one or more lookouts who are stationed on the higher peaks and ridges. Upon
these the Forest Service depends for the speedy discovery of fires. It is intended
that all parts of every Forest shall be under constant observation during the summer
season. The lookout is housed in a small cabin and provided with field glasses and
instruments for determining the location of fires. Telephone lines enable him to
report the fire to the district ranger. Once a fire is discovered and located, it is the
business of the ranger to put it out. Tools are always ready at the ranger stations
and in special boxes at strategic points in the Forest. The ranger and his assistants
are always ready for prompt action, and the majority of fires are reached and extin-
guished inexpensively by a small crew before they spread to large proportions. If
the fire is too large for the ranger to handle, the forest supervisor takes charge and
by means of plans made in advance is able to secure on short notice experienced
crews of fire fighters, transportation, and large supplies of tools and equipment and

food for the men who may have to spend a week or more on the fire line. The

greatest energies of the Forest Service are directed to the prevention and suppression
of fires.

4.2

Vacation Land—The National Forests in Oregon Sccentye

For the purpose of making the timber more accessible, for facility in getting to ©
fires quickly, and for opening up the Forest to the people, the Forest Service has ©
built, in all the National Forests, a total of 2,795 miles of roads and 24,225 miles of ©
trail. Ten per cent of the receipts from timber sales, grazing fees, etc., is used
for building roads and trails for the benefit of the public, and another 25 per cent of
the receipts is paid to the States by the Federal Government for the benefit of
county schools and roads. The recent appropriation by Congress of $10,000,000,
to be used at the rate of $1,000,000 a year for the construction of National Forest
roads, will make possible the building of roads cn a much larger scale than has

hitherto been possible.
RULES FOR SPORGSMEN

Do not build camp fires against trees or logs or in places where they may escape
and get beyond control. The forest is the home of wild life, and the destruction
of the former means the absence cf the latter. |

Never shoot at moving brush. Be absolutely sure itis not a man or a domestic
animal.

Do not shoot or kill harmless birds or animals.

Wet the hand before removing undersized fish from the hook.

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